Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ea1y K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 “khu ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o” n\u01a1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1edf v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam n\u1eefa?” \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cC\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00f3: \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ebd n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cL\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c \u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u01a1i c\u00e1c robots \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. V\u1edbi robotics v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nhu c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt Moore. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 then ch\u1ed1t d\u1eabn l\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1edbi cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1eb7c cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u01a1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao cho n\u00ean khi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cHi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1edbi. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ean l\u00e0 “\u0110\u00e1m ki\u1ebfn” \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hay \u1edf g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee3i ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m hay b\u1ec7nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ma tu\u00fd v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gia nh\u1eadp nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n di tr\u00fa, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1eb7c cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lian Si t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00e1m ki\u1ebfn\u201d ch\u01b0a?\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 b\u1ecb ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i” v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, ma tu\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu hi v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 thi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 bom h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cT\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eeb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o sang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Singapore. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i “khu ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o” th\u00e0nh “khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao” th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 STEM. L\u00ed do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp” nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ed n\u00e3o.” Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra “s\u1ef1 mong manh kinh t\u1ebf” v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A conversation in Shenzhen<\/p>\n
Several years ago when I first taught Software Engineering in China, an economics professor took me to a \u201cmanufacturing zone\u201d where hundreds of factories were operating. He said: \u201cOur economy is booming because we have the largest labor workforce and the lowest costs in the world. Our goal is to be the manufacturing center of the world.\u201d I asked: \u201cWhat will happen if there is no need for labor workers anymore? He laughed: \u201cFactories always need labor workers, what else could happen?\u201d<\/p>\n
That was then but last month when I taught in China, he told me about the growing unemployment there: \u201cTechnology changes many things and automation has dis placed many labor workers. We are reaching a turning point where many factories are moving to lower cost countries and we have a lot of labor workers without jobs. As an economist, I think when the economy prospers, people buy more and spend more which stimulate companies to produce more and hire more workers, but it did not happen.\u201d<\/p>\n
I told him: \u201cThat theory works in the past but with globalization, factories can move anywhere that have the lowest costs to maximize profits. Today with rising labor costs, China is no longer the lowest cost in the world and cannot compete with lower cost countries in Africa. But that is only the beginning, soon you will see the results of sophisticated automation where robots are replacing workers then even lower cost countries cannot compete with machines. With robotics and automation technologies there will be fewer needs for labor workers. The problem is many people do not think it could happen so fast because they do not understand Moore\u2019s laws. I think economists may need to study technology to understand changes that happen in this Information age. Many economic theories that are taught today are formulated for the industrial age where lower cost and the export of products are the key drivers but today some of these theories are no longer valid. In the industrial age, capital and labor are the key engines that drive the economy but in the information age, innovation and knowledge are the new engines for economic growth. Instead of focus on manufacturing and build more factories you should focus on improving the technology education to produce more knowledge workers before it is too late.\u201d<\/p>\n
He asked: \u201cToday we have more people go to university than ever before and the number of people completing university is rising to several millions each year. We all hope that this generation will have better opportunities than previous generation but somehow we have many unemployed college graduates who cannot contribute to the economy.\u201d<\/p>\n
I explained: \u201cThe issue is your economy is still based on manufacturing so most available jobs are labor jobs. For years, your country continues to build factories with the hope that the manufacturing outsourcing will continue despite the rising in labor wages. You are not focusing on creating jobs for the highly educated people so when your students complete college there are fewer jobs for them. Of course those with college degrees are not willing to work on labor jobs so you end up with a lot of unemployed college graduates. Another issue is your education system has not changed much so your graduates do not have the skills needed by the global job market therefore your graduates can not go to work in other countries. There is a shortage of IT skilled workers all over the world but your graduates cannot fill them because they do not have the up to date knowledge and skills.\u201d<\/p>\n
He agreed: \u201cCurrently many graduates are still waiting for job opportunities that may never come. Their parents want them to get a job but they do not have the knowledge and skills to compete for job in the global market that is why we have an unusual phenomenon called the \u201cAnt tribe\u201d which describes millions of unemployed college graduates who left home and live with others in crowed basements of buildings or in corner of streets waiting to get jobs. Many of them are desperate, involve in criminal activities or social diseases such as drugs and alcohols. They are regarded by the society as part of the country’s lower class, joining poverty groups such as peasants, migrant workers, and unemployed labor workers, despite having college degrees. Have you read the book by Professor Lian Si called \u201cThe Ant Tribe\u201d?\u201d<\/p>\n
I told him: \u201cI have read that book. It is sad that many smart people who graduated from good universities cannot fulfill their dream of making a living. As educators, we need to find a solution because without proper action, we will have a \u201cwasted generation\u201d and it could be a major burden to society. Eventually unemployed graduates will become detached from society and get involved in bad things such as alcohol, drugs and other undesired activities. Today many graduates are still hoping that they may get a job but if this hope is no longer feasible it may cause a lot of problems. Many economists have warned about a time bomb if this problem is not solved.\u201d<\/p>\n
He agreed: \u201cI know that. As economics professors, we have discussed about how to transform our economy from manufacturing-based to innovation-based.\u201d<\/p>\n
I told him: \u201cTo make the transformation happen, everything must start with the education system. Today only few countries do it right such as Japan, S. Korea and Singapore. Many are still confused because they believe that by just changing the \u201cmanufacturing zone\u201d into \u201chigh technology zone\u201d than the transformation will happen. It is a mistake because technology innovation requires knowledge workers as the key drivers not building more technology zones. The transformation must start with a technology-based education such as STEM. The reason many economists do not understand it because the transformation from agriculture age to industrial age started with manufacturing factories where labor workers moved from farms to factories with minimum training or education. The fact is factories require \u201cmuscle power\u201d but innovations require \u201cbrain power\u201d. Industrial age relies on more labor workers to work in factories but Information age depends on knowledge workers to innovate and it is based on a strong education system. Getting more students into universities is a way to develop workers to build the innovation-based economy but without improving the education system by focusing more on technology, you are creating an \u201ceconomic vulnerabilities\u201d with high number of unemployed college graduates.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ea1y K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4442"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4443,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4442\/revisions\/4443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}