M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp? T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch. Gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “chu\u1ea9n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng” n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng do th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
Cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “xa l\u1ea1” v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y “kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i” n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi” v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n” tri th\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn” tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. \u00cdch l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u01b0 duy, l\u1eafng nghe, suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v.v. \u0111i\u1ec1u cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Khi sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ghi nh\u1edb. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng khi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng: \u201cV\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0…\u201d r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee3i trong khi sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o v\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho trong l\u1edbp ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. L\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u01a1i t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi? T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng pha n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1? C\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1? Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi? V.v.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tri th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i cho v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. V\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen “H\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.” Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc quan ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 khi h\u1ecd ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u V\u00c0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng khi h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u0129 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1cc; gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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Active classroom<\/p>\n
A teacher asked me: \u201cIf you have a lot of class discussions instead of lecturing. How do you have enough time to complete all class materials? Why do you let students learn by themselves without lecturing? Please explain.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Answer: There are several teaching methods and teachers can select whatever they prefer. Lecturing is the \u201ctraditional standard\u201d method where students are taught to listen to lecture by teachers. Since there are so many materials to teach and class time is short, teachers must lecture as much as possible to get through all the course materials. There is another method by letting students study the materials before coming to class and use class time to explain important concepts and things that they must know. This is called \u201cActive learning\u201d where students learn by themselves and teachers only guide them to make sure that they learn the materials well.<\/p>\n
Allowing students to do their own learning may seem \u201cstrange\u201d to many teachers and I am sure students also feel \u201cuncomfortable\u201d too. But the fact is students are responsible for their own learning, whether they learn from lecturing method or active learning method. Of course, it takes time for students to develop the discipline to learn by themselves but once they have this habit, they will develop a \u201clifelong learning\u201d attitude as they are the \u201cdevelopers\u201d of knowledge rather than the \u201crecipients\u201d of knowledge.<\/p>\n
By allowing students to discuss in class, they will be able to listen to alternative solutions, different views, and under the teachers\u2019 guidance, they will learn more and much deeper than just passively listening to lectures. Another benefit is students also improve their soft-skills such as communication, thinking, listening, reasoning, and presenting etc. which will give them more advantages in the job market. When students study on their own, they learn more about content and how learning happens rather than just focus on memorization. The teachers still guide and provide supports for students but when students develop these active learning skills, they will see their own progress and how they effectively learn the materials.<\/p>\n
Based on my own teaching experience, given proper guidance and good materials, most students can teach themselves. It is a waste of time to stand up in front of the classroom and lecture: \u201cThe software development lifecycle is…\u201d then wait while students write it down on their notebook. They should be able to read about the lifecycle in textbook before coming to class so in class we can get to the key concept which is much more than just few facts memorization. My class begins with an overview of the topic and a short quiz, if I think students do not read before coming to class. Then it is class discussion where I ask few questions to encourage students to answer and start the discussion on much deeper topics such as \u201cWhy do we need a life cycle? Why certain phases must be in order? What will happen if we do not follow the order? In what situation should we not follow the lifecycle order? Etc.<\/p>\n
As teacher, we are the source of knowledge, we know our material well but sometimes we forget that students have their own capabilities too. Of course, some like to be told because it is the way that they were taught. It is much easier to lecture for them and for us. But they need to learn how to learn themselves and they will never learn unless we make them do it. It is not easy but self-learning is a process that must be developed now to build a \u201cLifelong learning\u201d habit. Students must change the attitude that learning by memorize things to pass tests then forget everything when they left school. They will NOT survive in this technology driven world when things change fast. Today students must know the materials AND must learn to make decisions about what they need to know and how they will acquire that knowledge.<\/p>\n
As teachers, we come to class expecting students to be unprepared and not ready as they will learn something from our lectures. How do we make the classroom better? How do we make the classroom more vibrant? How do we make students come to class well-prepared and ready to learn? We need to come to class with new expectations. I believe that by having the expectation that all students will learn the material on their own then we help developing new skills and new attitudes that our students will become self-learners and life-long learners as they become knowledge workers of the 21st century. My view is in order to create an active classroom; teachers must believe that students are capable of learning by themselves, given proper guidance and support.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4436,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4435\/revisions\/4436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}