Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i \u0111i, nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf n\u1eefa khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 k\u00ed h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 k\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay 35% tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c robot vi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tin t\u1ee9c nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m, 75% tin tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi robots \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi robots d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 videos v\u00e0 lasers \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0 kho v\u00e0 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u0129 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay th\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong khai m\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i thuy\u1ec1n. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111e do\u1ea1 gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 sang M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em t\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho M\u0129. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin: Khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti xe h\u01a1i b\u1ecf Detroit \u0111\u1ec3 sang bang kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 robot ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay Detroit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Theo m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u0103ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho chi ph\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i do chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o khi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00f9ng n\u1edf. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cXin m\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean khi chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sang n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u00e1c. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng trong chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea7y d\u00e9p, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea7y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf Ethiopia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec cho t\u00f4i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ethiopia l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i lan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 Bangladesh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1. Th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u200e\u00fd r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u00edt h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i do quan li\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb m\u00f9 m\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 xa \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7; kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00f9ng n\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cD\u1ec5 nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u00f4m nay nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y mai? \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u00e1c? \u00d4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00e0o trong “s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng “s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp\u201d.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em t\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111em t\u1edbi th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 cho ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Kinh t\u1ebf ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 c\u1ea3 hai cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi suy s\u1ee5p nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u00f4i quan ng\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi cao nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef khi h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi Internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, laptops n\u01a1i tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n 24 gi\u1edd cho n\u00ean l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Trong x\u00ea mi na k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c em \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c website k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi?\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i c\u00e1nh tay gi\u01a1 l\u00ean. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00e1c em th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u websites n\u00e0o?\u201d c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201c\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video, ph\u00f2ng chat, v\u00e0 phim.\u201d T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf hay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 CMU, t\u00f4i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i Boston \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i MIT. Anh \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc “\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm” c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y trong C\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edf cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang (MOOCs) trong edX c\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea9y ngh\u00ecn h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ghi danh trong MOOC nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. H\u1ecd \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u200e\u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean Internet, ch\u00ednh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The impact of Information technology<\/p>\n
Today with advanced technology anything that can be automated will be automated, that means many jobs will continue to disappear. Basically manual labor jobs and office jobs will be eliminated but at the same time more jobs in technology will be created.<\/p>\n
Although technology reduces demand for labor jobs, particularly at the lower skills but as time goes on, more higher skills will be eliminated too as technology continues to advance. Many people do not believe that, just like they did not see robots can do better jobs than human in manufacturing, constructions and offices. Even today many people think that only labor jobs are at risk but office jobs are being impacted too. For example, phone answering systems have replaced many telephone clerks and receptionists. File organization systems have replaced many file clerks and word processor software has replaced many typists. Few years ago, nobody think robots can replace journalists who write articles for newspapers but today 35% of news are written by robots. More newspapers are using automated writing software to get the news out faster, especially for online newspapers and reduce number of writers and journalists. It is predicted that within 5 years, 75% of news will be written by robots which already created panic among students who study journalism. Even some supervision jobs are being done by robots using videos and lasers technology to monitor and measure works done in warehouses and factories. The automation trends started in the U.S. then moved to Europe and Asia as companies aiming for higher efficiency and faster services. Of course the results are devastating to many workers.<\/p>\n
The impact of automation has created many protests by workers on the issue of replacing human labor with less expensive machines but it does not change anything as companies continue to increase the automation and reduce workers. The same thing happened more than a century ago when steam engine was invented to be used in mining and shipping. At that time workers afraid of losing jobs protested, burned these engines and threaten to kill these inventors but it did not stop the industrial revolution. Many inventors and scientists left Europe and went to the U.S. to start their own steam engine companies and started the industrial revolution. It opened new opportunities and brought prosperity to America. It seems history is repeating itself with information technology: As automobile workers protested the automation in factories, many car companies left Detroit to other states and rebuilt new modern factories with advanced robotics technology to build better, high quality cars. Today Detroit is a bankrupt city with a large number of unemployed automobile workers and no future. According to business theory, labor is the company\u2019s highest expense and it always increases with time as workers continue to ask for raise. To increase profit, companies must lower their costs by applying technology to reduce human workers to keep costs under control. From business perspective, company is created to make profit for owner, the more profit, the better so they will do whatever they can to achieve that goal.<\/p>\n
For the past thirty years, China has been enjoying the outsourcing trends due to its lower labor costs. China became the center for manufacturing as its economy was booming. In 1990s, a government officer declared: \u201cPlease move here, we have the lowest cost in the world and several millions of workers who are willing to work for you.\u201d However as the labor costs were increasing, many companies stopped outsource to China and moved works to other lower cost countries. This trend triggered a massive number of unemployment and today its economy is becoming more unstable. Even local Chinese manufacturing are having difficulty due to the increasing in labor costs. Last year, many companies began to shift works to other countries and the result was devastating and took serious effect on the economy. According to a government report, many low skill labor factories such as shoes, clothes, were moving to Africa to take advantage of the lower cost there. A shoes manufacturing owner told the newspapers: \u201cToday I have to pay workers five dollars a day to make shoes but I only pay workers in Ethiopia less than one dollar a day to do the same thing so there is no reason for me to stay in China.\u201d Basically Ethiopia is exactly like China 30 years ago. It has cheap labor, cheap electricity and government\u2019s special economic zones where foreign companies pay no taxes. It is predicted that within ten years most companies and manufacturing will be relocated there. Even low cost labor countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Bangladesh will not be able to compete with African countries.<\/p>\n
If people do not understand this trend now, the results will be devastating. High unemployment is bad for the society. Sooner or later people will not tolerate it, and no government can afford an uprising. The only solution is to focus on creating more jobs in technology areas and help people to move quickly towards these newly create jobs. To do that, education systems must shift quickly toward better outcomes by focusing more on STEM education. They must start with training of young and enthusiastic teachers to promote science and technology in their schools. Although everybody have agreed that education is the solution but many countries are still moving slowly without a sense of urgency. For example, China has initiated STEM education for more than a decade but the result is less than expected due to its bureaucracy and resistance to change. When I was teaching there, a professor told me that most people were blinded by the fast pace of manufacturing outsourcing trend where their low cost had contributed to its fast economic improvement but few people can see far enough to anticipate the current situation. He said: \u201cWe need strong change management in public policy and we need it now.\u201d<\/p>\n
Although having a large population like China, but India did not choose to focus on manufacturing outsourcing but quietly focusing on STEM education to took advantage of the technology outsourcing trends. Today India dominates technology market; its economy is booming and its companies are expanding all over the world as the shortage of technology skilled workers continues. An Indian professor told me: \u201cIt is easy to jump on low labor cost trend as it does not require any \u00a0investment but it is short-term thinking. You must think about the consequences of manufacturing relocation as your cost maybe low today but what will happen\u00a0tomorrow? Can you continue to keep your cost that low forever? What will happen if manufactures are moving to another lower costs location? What are you going to do with millions of unemployed low cost workers? That is why we focus on investing in education so our country\u2019s strength will be in \u201cbrain power\u201d not \u201cmuscle power\u201d.<\/p>\n
If we look at history, the industrial revolution brings prosperity to America but at the same time it brings disaster to Europe. Poor economy and high unemployment had triggered both world wars in Europe and led to the declining of many European countries. Last month, I was teaching in Europe and what I saw concerned me deeply as youth unemployment has reached the highest in history. I met many young unemployed college graduates who were depressed and angry as they told me that they receive no direction about career planning or necessary information to help them plan for the future. I was surprised because we are living in the information age with the Internet, smartphones, laptops where news and information are available 24 hours so how could they do not know? In my software engineering seminar, I asked: \u201cHow many of you went to technical websites to learn something new?\u201d only a few hands were raise. When I asked: \u201cWhat type of websites that you often go to?\u201d the answers were clear: \u201cMusic, video games, chat rooms, and movies.\u201d I had my own answer: Information technology is a double edge sword; it can be used for advantage or disadvantage. Without properly instruction, it can be destructive.<\/p>\n
When returning to CMU, I stopped by Boston to see a friend who teaches at MIT. He told me that his \u201cSearch Engine\u201d course in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in edX has over seven thousand students and many of them were from India. He said: \u201cMany students enrolled in MOOCs but dropped after few weeks but these Indian students were excellent. They stay with the course and worked very hard to build their skills as they have a strong sense of direction and looking toward their future. I have very high hope for them.\u201d I told him that what I saw in Europe depressed me but what he told me gave me hope as I believe that proper education is the best investment a person can have. With so many online courses and training available on the Internet, it is the responsibility of each individual to set his or her own career paths toward the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4424"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4425,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4424\/revisions\/4425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}