M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p d\u00f5i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y nay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u1edf nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc mang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7 v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean tin tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d\u00a0 B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m sao\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “Em ngh\u0129 em s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd trong nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Sinh vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra l\u00e0m sao v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 “B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.”<\/p>\n
Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng k\u00ec thi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t; b\u00e1o ch\u00ed nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u; m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I tri th\u1ee9c hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd: \u201cH\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p r\u1ed3i lo ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c sau.\u201d Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c sau khi nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 QU\u00c1 TR\u1ec4. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00c0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Knowledge and skills<\/p>\n
A young teacher asked me: \u201cWe want students to learn more and develop skills but most students only want to have degree. How can we change this belief?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: The view about degree dated back thousand years ago in history. At that time, a degree means certain knowledge and skills verified by certain exams in the emperor\u2019s court and if pass, they will have good jobs. Today a degree is no longer a guarantee for job and we have many graduates with degree but no job or have to work in jobs that have nothing to do with their education.<\/p>\n
As teachers, we understand the learning process and the important of skills but students may not as learning is internally motivated not externally. To change students\u2019 behavior we must change their beliefs about learning. If students do not believe that they need certain knowledge and skills then they will continue to focus on passing grades and obtaining degree. If students believe the knowledge is relevant and important then they will focus their learning towards building more knowledge, rather than just focusing on the grade. Traditional teaching does not clearly explain the relevancy of class materials to future works. Most teachers are focusing on \u201cWHAT you need to know\u201d rather than \u201cWHY you need it and HOW you are going to use it in your job.\u201d\u00a0 By clearly explain \u201cWhy\u201d and \u201cHow\u201d before each lecture, I have seen students changing their beliefs in learning. Rather than focusing on the grade, they begin to examine how they develop their knowledge and skills and what this means to their future.<\/p>\n
It is difficult to motivate students to learn but I believe the key is in the ability to reach the student at their fundamental beliefs level. By working with students to help them understand how much they learn and what skills they need can make a difference. In my classes, I often ask students a question “What do you think you are going to use this knowledge for?\u201d The question requires students to review their education goals with what they will learn, validate the knowledge and the development of skills that they will have and the useful of such skills in the future. I let students to discuss among themselves in small group where they share their beliefs with others. Students seem to change their beliefs as they begin to discover how and why they should learn and what they will use them for. They also begin to create new beliefs of how their knowledge will lead to better uses in the future. Many students told me that they have never discussed their beliefs before with anyone and no one has asked. A frequent conclusion is “Now I know why I need to know this.”<\/p>\n
The majority of students’ beliefs about education are based on their personal life experiences and influenced by society. In high school, they are told to pass certain exams to go to college; in college they are encouraged to get a degree in order to have good jobs; newspapers mention about the need to have more workers with advanced degrees; everything they hear is about passing exams and get degree NOT knowledge or skills. Given that situation, we cannot blame why many students have a fundamental belief that the ultimate education goal is a degree. I have heard many parents tell their children: \u201cStudy hard, get a degree then worry about other things later.\u201d Today we cannot worry about other things after receiving the degree, it is TOO LATE. Students must plan for a career when they are still in high school and have a career plan with education goals and direction when they go to college to guide them during their education journey.<\/p>\n
We need to change students’ beliefs about learning to motivate them to learn in a new way thereby enhancing their knowledge and skills development. This will require that we add more relevancies into our teaching materials and explain clearly what they will need to have before leaving school AND they must develop a lifelong learning as learning does not stop after graduated but must continue throughout their lives.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4397"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4398,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4397\/revisions\/4398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}