STEM (Khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng STEM l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng STEM c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y STEM b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y STEM hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 video, phim ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam v.v.<\/p>\n
\u201cH\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh\u201d KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi; n\u00f3 c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Plato, Socrates, v\u00e0 Aristotle \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p r\u1eb1ng \u201cV\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00fang.\u201d Trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, Francis Bacon vi\u1ebft: \u201cB\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh “l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.” L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” cho nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n n\u00e0y trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong STEM, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u “ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m” m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Ban kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi STEM, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp hay tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ed3i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp n\u0103m hay s\u00e1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ef1 tin cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc quanh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn qu\u00e3ng 50 t\u1edbi 100 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u00f4i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00eam. M\u1ed9t khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh (vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y) \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c STEM l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd c\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m STEM m\u1edbi m\u1edf ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh M\u0129. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 10,000 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching STEM skills<\/p>\n
STEM (Science, technology, engineering and math) are the skills and knowledge that form the foundation for the technology driven economy of the 21st century. Therefore STEM skills are very important for a successful career in today\u2019s job market. But STEM is much more than just the four fields of study that are taught in school. It is an integrated set of knowledge that develops critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. You cannot teach STEM by lecturing or memorize facts but students must learn how to apply their knowledge to identify problems, design solutions, and solve problems. To teach STEM effectively, you may need to use \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method with blended curriculum of supporting tools such as videos, short films, and extra readings etc.<\/p>\n
\u201cLearning by Doing\u201d is NOT a new concept; it is as old as our human history. Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle had taught this method in ancient Greece that \u201cFor everything that we have to learn before we can do them, we must learn by doing them.\u201d In the Renaissance age, Francis Bacon wrote: \u201cYou learn to write by doing it. You learn to read by doing it. You read more to increase your vocabulary and knowing more vocabularies you can read well.\u201d But somehow in education, we choose to teach by lecturing and force students to learn by memorizing facts and formulas. The reasons is obvious, it is difficult to teach by asking students “to do something.” How can we teach history by doing? How can we teach literature by doing? Basically it is difficult to teach \u201clearning by doing\u201d to these subjects in classroom. However, in STEM, there are many \u201cDoing activities\u201d that students can learn by doing. You cannot learn science by memorizing formulas but you must conducting experiments. You cannot learn math by memorizing equations but you must solve problems. You cannot learn programming by listening to lecture but you must write codes. You cannot learn engineering by reading books but you must work on modeling. You cannot learn to speak a foreign language just by knowing grammar but you must practice by speaking. Basically with STEM, the best method is \u201cLearning by Doing.\u201d<\/p>\n
For example, a better way to teach programming is letting students to write codes every day. I often start my programming class by given a short lecture on what students will learn on that day then show them examples so they have ideas of what they must do. We often have few minutes of class discussions or answer some questions then students are given a set of five to six tasks that they must do by writing codes. The first two tasks are mostly related to what they just learn on the lecture and similar to the examples so they can easily doing without any problem. This will build their confident about the class materials. During this time, I often walk around the classroom to answer questions. The next two tasks are usually more difficult that require students to think about the problems and analyze the instructions before they start coding. This will test their understanding about the structure and syntax of what they have learned. The last tasks are usually more comprehensive where they have to combine what they have learned previously and incorporate into today\u2019s materials. This is usually a short program about 50 to 100 lines of code where students learn to solve a problem. I monitor each individual student progress to find any student who may need additional helps. Once most students have demonstrated proficiency on this practice then we can move to the next topics. By breaking programming techniques into smaller components and let students learn by doing (Write code every day) it will make students to feel more comfortable and leads to a higher success rate.<\/p>\n
It is important to motivate students by constantly remind them that STEM areas are where all the good jobs are and where the good jobs will be. Today there are millions of unfilled jobs in STEM fields all over the world and the needs are growing at a rate nearly double every year. It is predicted that by 2020, there will be three to five million new STEM jobs opening in the U.S alone. As a result, the President\u2019s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology has set the goal to train approximately 1 million more college graduates and 10,000 teachers in STEM fields in the next ten years and \u201cimport\u201d approximately 3 million from other countries to fulfill the urgent industry needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
STEM (Khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4386,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4385\/revisions\/4386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}