Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ea5y v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc: sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y; \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. Ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 video, phim ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u00ec m\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn chung trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hay n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng sau b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o trong l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00e1c em v\u1eeba nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng?\u201d Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i k\u00e9m m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nghe?\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ph\u00fat v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 emails, tin nh\u1eafn v.v. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ki\u1ec3u sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean nghe nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i hai chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe, suy ngh\u0129, x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1eeda cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng l\u1eafng nghe sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Trong ki\u1ec3u d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai\u201d v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 sai, t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 sai v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi l\u1edbp: \u201cC\u00e1c em ngh\u0129 g\u00ec? Ai c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay h\u01a1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbp c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec sai, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp). Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u0169, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bao nhi\u00eau t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra (c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang hay sai) nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang sau khi cho \u0111i\u1ec3m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y hay nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cth\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn\u201d KH\u00d4NG cho sinh vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Chia kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u nh\u1ecf cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eeda h\u1ecd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u1eady. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay?\u201d m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hay hai \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nghe v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hay hai \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang k\u0129. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1eeb ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 sang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t hay hai \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang k\u0129 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc” (nh\u01b0 suy ngh\u0129, x\u1eed l\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi). Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc\u201d (nh\u01b0, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, ki\u1ec3m tra, cho \u0111i\u1ec3m), KH\u00d4NG v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong sinh vi\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1c k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1, \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3? H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y c\u1ed5” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh vi\u00ean\u00a0 qua ki\u1ec3m tra. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi s\u1ebd qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc qua sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 cho \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c trong hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching method<\/p>\n
Even today many universities are still using the same teaching method that is not much different from thousand years ago: students go to school, sit quietly to listen to teachers\u2019 lectures; read textbooks, memorize facts and formulas then take tests. This type of learning requires a lot of time of both teachers and students but resulting in graduates who know a lot of facts and formulas but cannot apply them to solve problems. For many years, universities have tried to improve teaching methods by adding technologies such as videos, short films, and extra reading materials but the result was not improving much.<\/p>\n
The issue is the basic teaching method has not changed. The common view among teachers is teaching means lecturing, as most teachers are trained that way and when they were students they learned by listening to lectures. However, lecturing is no longer effective because students today are not the same as students ten, twenty or fifty years ago. A frustrating young teacher told me that after his lecture, none of the students in class could answer the question: \u201cWhat was the lecture you just heard about?\u201d He asked me: \u201cIs it my lecturing so bad or most students do not listen?\u201d I told him that today students are dynamic and do not have the patience like in the past. They cannot hold their attention for more than few minutes and often get distracted by others such as emails, text messages etc. He asked: \u201cSo what is effective teaching for this type of students? I explained: \u201cThe lecturing method is one way communication where you talk and students listen but if they do not listen then it is not effective. A better method is focusing on class discussion where you raise questions to get students to participate in discussion. This two way communication will force them to listen, think, process the information, and discuss. Based on their discussions you can evaluate their understanding and correct them and that is a new way of teaching. Basically you spend little time lecturing but you teach through instant feedback. Most of the teaching is done by listening to students answering questions and discussing then giving feedbacks whether they are correct or not to improve their understanding.<\/p>\n
In this type of teaching, the teacher does not say to students \u201cThat is wrong\u201d as students do not know why but explains what is wrong, why it is wrong and what the correct answer should be. Sometime teacher may ask the class: \u201cWhat do you think? Anyone has better answer than that?\u201d to monitor the understanding of the rest of the class before explain the right answer. In this method, teacher does not just telling students what they did wrong, but shows them the correct answer immediately (Instant feedback). In the old lecturing method, teachers do not know how much students understand lecture materials until they have test and it is week or month afterward. In that case, teachers spend a lot of time grading the test (Right or wrong answers) but most students do not know what right looks like. Even when teachers explain the right answers after grading the test, most students already forgot what they have learned several days or weeks before.<\/p>\n
The \u201cdiscussion\u201d approach does NOT give students a lot of materials to learn but rather limits to few concepts and provide feedbacks immediately so students can learn something right away. Breaking down a complex concept into smaller pieces for students to learn and correct them immediately is more effective with today\u2019s students, who are not so patience. I often begin my class by asking students: \u201cWhat one thing are we going to learn today?\u201d to which students may answer based on their reading materials that they must read before class. Then I would lecture for five to ten minutes and start the class discussion. I think this approach is better because students can focus on one or two things that they must learn well before moving on to another.<\/p>\n
I believe the best way to improve student\u2019s learning is to focus on listening and correcting a few things students learn per day. Of course students understand that there are many things that they must learn but each day they only need to focus on one or two things but learn them well. They must change their study habit from memorize many things as in the past to learning one or two things each day but learn them well by participate in class activities and listen to correct answers in details.<\/p>\n
From a teacher\u2019s view, you are focusing on the \u201cprocess of learning\u201d (i.e., thinking, processing, analyzing and answering). In the past, we focused on the \u201cproduct of learning\u201d (i.e., Lecturing, testing, grading), NOT the process that develop understanding and skills. The product is a result of the process, without focus on the learning process, we are not providing information that the student can use to learn better. By focusing on the results or the product, we are promoting the grade obsession among students. Instead of learning something, they only want to have better grades, to pass the tests, to get degree without focus on the actual learning that can instill the passionate in learning and acquiring knowledge.<\/p>\n
Teachers often complain that today\u2019s students are grade-obsessed, degree-obsessed but how did they become that way? They were taught that by us when we put our feedback into their grades. We do it because our education system is based on an \u201cold teaching concept\u201d that created thousand years ago focusing on grading students by testing. We are telling them that the main point of education is the grade and the goal of education is the degree. We are responsible to students\u2019 grade-obsessed by creating a grading system to distinguish the best students with the best grades and only the best students will pass tests and get degree. We never focus on learning as we expect that learning is equal to the grade. We all learn by mistakes, and should encourage students to make mistakes in order to learn. But instead we have a system that punishes students for their mistakes so students do not really learn anything. To change, we must stop focus on lecturing and grading and start to encourage discussions where students will make mistakes and learn from them. Only then we may see real improvement in students\u2019 performance and teaching effectiveness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ea5y v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc: sinh vi\u00ean … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4354"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4533,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4354\/revisions\/4533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}