{"id":4351,"date":"2014-07-06T17:45:01","date_gmt":"2014-07-06T10:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4351"},"modified":"2014-07-06T17:45:01","modified_gmt":"2014-07-06T10:45:01","slug":"lam-quyet-dinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4351","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc k\u00ec, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eddi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb “ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c” thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Scott McCloud m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cL\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eebng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a “b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n” nh\u01b0ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v.v. B\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch hay ca h\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh hay ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ea1c rock nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i n\u1eefa – cho n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh ngu xu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u01b0a th\u00edch, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u00e2n danh c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 n\u00e0y. Th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ra l\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.\u201d L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m. L\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khi c\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay duy tr\u00ec trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111i theo, b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ec2 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m. B\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i. B\u1ed1 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng con h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea1m c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i. B\u1ed1 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cCho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng con v\u1eabn \u0111ang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.\u201d T\u00f4i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n vay. C\u00f4ng ti th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0 b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea1m c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1eebng s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i th\u00ec b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra x\u1ea5u. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG b\u1ecf l\u1edbp l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u1ecf l\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi t\u00f4i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd: \u201cK\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng?\u201d Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc anh ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u00fang v\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00e1m \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111ao gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u00fang – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i che gi\u1ea5u ch\u00fang hay t\u00ecm c\u1edb th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i l\u00ean b\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9. L\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e1i xe th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o r\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i hay r\u1ebd tr\u00e1i. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 r\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i hay tr\u00e1i? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e1i xe; hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m, m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cho n\u00ean ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Pham sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i l\u00ean ai \u0111\u00f3, hay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1edb. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc g\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Making decisions<\/p>\n

Every semester, I invite industry\u2019s executives to share their experiences with students in my classes so they can learn from \u201cReal Persons\u201d rather than from academic books. Last month, Scott McCloud an executive of a software company shared his view on decision making to my students.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cAs leader, each decision you make has the potential to impact your company and beyond. Different viewpoints, different priorities, and different personalities contribute to the difficulty that leaders have when making decisions. In my view, decisions on individuals must remain confidential especially on personal issues. However, business decisions should be made as transparent as possible so everybody understands why you are doing that. A leader should NOT be a dictator and made all decisions by himself but it is important to consult with others on certain decisions.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBefore making any decision, you must think seriously about the impact. Everything you do will have consequences, good or bad, so you must think carefully. Some leaders often make decisions based on their \u201cPower\u201d over others and that is an issue of \u201cpersonal ego\u201d but in business, there is no place for personal ego. You are doing business to achieve goals such as profit, growth etc. You are NOT doing business to satisfy your own ego. If you want to act out your feeling, try acting or singing and be a movie star or rock star but you do not act like that in business because you will fail and hurt your workers. You must understand this: Your position may come and go, your company may come and go, and even you may come and go too – so avoid this foolishness. One of the keys that my company has is procedures upon which some individual decisions will be made according to their position so that favoritism, discrimination, prejudice, and ego etc. are minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cMany decisions can be made quickly but depending on the importance of the decision, some need inputs from others and may need to be reviewed several times before implement. In my company, there are procedures for assuring that all decisions are handling properly. If you are the leaders, your own humility is essential. You are there to serve others on behalf of the company, and that is the role of leaders in this 21st century. The day of leaders who abuse the position by order people to do things is gone. Today leaders maximize benefit by share their view with their people to get their understanding and supports.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs leaders, you must be responsible and do the right thing.\u201d How do you know that you are doing the right thing? If you are a good leader, you will have people who work for you and tell you when you are making a mistake. Listen to them, and make corrections as necessary. The important thing is do NOT hesitate in a situation when you must make decision or stay in the state of indecision. Leader makes decision and others will follow, you CANNOT do nothing and expect others to do something.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYou may wonder how do you know that you are making the right decision. The best way of making the right decision is make more mistakes. You always learn from your mistakes. One good mistake can teach you more than all the successful decisions combined, and tells you to allow others to make mistakes as well. Few years ago, after graduated I started a company with my parents\u2019 help. I made several mistakes, my company failed and I lost my parents\u2019 money. My father said: \u201cThat is only a few hundred thousand dollars mistake but you learned something.\u201d I started a second company and learned NOT to make the same mistake again but I also made different mistakes and again lost a lot of my parents\u2019 money. My father said: \u201cEven we lost a lot of money but you are still learning something.\u201d I persist the third time but this time, I went to a bank and I told them about my mistakes and got a loan. My third company succeeds and I paid back everything to the Bank and my parents. I have learned to succeed in business by making mistakes and I can say that the best way to learn is making more mistakes.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs students, you will make a lot of mistakes in school but you will learn from them so you DO NOT make the same mistakes again. You go to school to learn and making mistakes is part of learning so do not afraid of making mistakes. For example, you skip class to go to party with your girlfriend then you get a bad grade in your test. You learn by NOT skipping class again. Your girlfriend wants to go party but since you want to study, she decides to go out with another who also skip class. You do NOT make the same mistake again but if the other do not learn, he will fail the course because he skips too many classes. You all go to school to learn and if you do not learn anything, when do you think you will learn them?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I interview college graduates, sometime I ask them: \u201cTell me about mistakes you made in school?\u201d When someone tell me that he never make mistakes, I will NOT hire that person because I do not want that person to make mistake in my company. When person tell me he makes a lot of mistakes, I ask him to explain about the lessons that he has learned from them and hire that person. When a software developer makes serious mistake in my company, I ask that person to share his experience with others so they do NOT make the same mistake again and I thank him for doing so. We are learning all the time and making mistake is part of the learning as long as you are learning from it, you are doing well.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cGood leaders make mistakes, admit mistakes, and learn from them – that is why they succeed. Leaders who make mistakes but hide them or find excuses then they learn nothing. You do not want to follow those people because they may blame you. They are the blinds who lead the blinds. Making decisions and making mistakes are part of life and life means learning. If you stop learning, you are dead. As a person, you are making decision all the time and sometime you do not even think about it. You all go to school; if you drive a car then you must know when to turn right or turn left. How do you know what right turn or left turn to take? You may check a map before driving; or you may have someone to show you the road, or you may make a mistake then learn from it. The same thing happens when you learn things in school, you may learn from reading textbooks, you may learn from teachers, or you may make a mistake then learn from it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe last thing that I want to share with you is: \u201cEverything you do, every decision that you make will have consequence so think careful about it then act and be responsible for your action. It is OK to make mistake, as long as you learn from it. There is no reason to deny it, to lie about it, to blame somebody, or to find excuse. If you do that, you learn nothing and you will make the same mistake again.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc k\u00ec, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eddi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4351"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4353,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4351\/revisions\/4353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}