{"id":4326,"date":"2014-06-26T21:50:43","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T14:50:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4326"},"modified":"2014-06-26T21:50:43","modified_gmt":"2014-06-26T14:50:43","slug":"chuong-trinh-ki-nghe-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4326","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cCon t\u00f4i s\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nay. N\u00f3 b\u0103n kho\u0103n gi\u1eefa Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0n nh\u01b0 nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau. V\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c d\u1ea1y K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00a0t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o cho ch\u00e1u theo h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 website c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho con trai t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cho con t\u00f4i v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc. Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap cho.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u00a0\u201cK\u0129 ngh\u1ec7\u201d v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung l\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v.v. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 khi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++ v.v.). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v.v.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. Khi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi phi-hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh coi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m coi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi (\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, giao di\u1ec7n v.v.); c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng; c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1, k\u00ed ph\u00e1p, qui t\u1eafc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qui tr\u00ecnh; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v.v.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Engineering Program<\/p>\n

A father wrote to me: \u201cMy son is going to college this year. He is confused between Computer Science and Software Engineering and I cannot explain the difference. A school advisor told him that they are the same with different names but another advisor told him that they are not. Since there are universities that teach Computer Science and others that teach Software Engineering, I need to make decision about which school for him to go to. My friend refers me to your website but I am not sure which one would be better for my son. I need help to select the right field and right school to send my son to. Please help.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: There are many opinions on the difference between Computer Science and Software Engineering. Basically the key words are \u201cScience\u201d and \u201cEngineering\u201d and it means \u201cScientists study\u201d and \u201cEngineers build\u201d so the common definition is Computer Science is the STUDY of what computers do and all the theories associated with a computer system such as data structures, algorithms etc. Software Engineering is the DEVELOPMENT of software products based on the processes and disciplines associated a software system.<\/p>\n

To help you to understand the differences, we must go back to history. A computer system typically consists of hardware and software but it is the software that represents all the functionalities that users need and as the needs change, software must be updated. In the past, software were small and simple so writing software is mostly based on the programming skills of the scientists who understand the functions of the computer system. Computer Science is created to focus on the skills to write software using programming languages (FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++ etc.). Most Computer Science trainings are based on several years of writing code, learning computer theories, understand data structures, create algorithms, using certain mathematics formulas and organize data structures etc.<\/p>\n

As software is getting larger and more complex, the approach of focusing strictly on writing code alone is not good enough. As many computer science projects were late, cost more and difficult to maintain, a new approach was needed to control the complexity and quality of large software system and the field of Software Engineering was created. Software engineering\u2019s goals are the development of quality and cost-effective software that is easy to maintain and use.<\/p>\n

Computer Science considers software as computer programs but this is a very restrictive view. Software is not just a program but also all associated documentation and configuration data to make these programs operate efficiently and correctly. Software Engineering considers a software system as a number of separate software programs (applications, operating, interfaces etc.); configuration files which can be used to set up these programs; system documentation which describes the structure of system and how they work together; user documentation which describes how to use the system. The Software Engineering training therefore is not only focusing on writing code but also all activities associated with the development of a software system. Student must learn about software process or a set of activities needed to build quality software; the engineering of software system requirements based on users\u2019 needs; the structured approach to software development including modeling, notations, rules, architecture, design, and process guidance; as well as the quality attributes such as performance, scalability, maintainability, usability etc.<\/p>\n

In general, software engineers follow a systematic and organized approach to their work as this is the most effective way to produce quality software. Since the software is complex and large, they always work in teams so soft-skills are also taught in most software engineering programs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cCon t\u00f4i s\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nay. N\u00f3 b\u0103n kho\u0103n gi\u1eefa Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4326"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4328,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4326\/revisions\/4328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}