{"id":4296,"date":"2014-05-29T22:04:59","date_gmt":"2014-05-29T15:04:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4296"},"modified":"2014-05-29T22:04:59","modified_gmt":"2014-05-29T15:04:59","slug":"giao-duc-stem-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4296","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m sai trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m sai trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 huynh r\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c STEM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho “sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh” nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n cho M\u1eccI h\u1ecdc sinh, \u1edf M\u1eccI m\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb trung h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p STEM. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc STEM ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0o l\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u1eeb gi\u1edd tr\u1edf \u0111i, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng STEM b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.\u201d N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Vi\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u – Global Economics Institute \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u1edf 175 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong su\u1ed1t 10 n\u0103m qua, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m STEM l\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m phi-STEM. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m STEM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n STEM ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 36 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n phi-STEM.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc STEM v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u00daNG, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng STEM ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh; c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh; c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean Internet v.v.) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 (nh\u01b0, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v.v.) H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef v.v. Nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng STEM c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v.v. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hay thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c l\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ATM \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP) \u0111ang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (CRM) \u0111ang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v.v. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang, nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh sang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG C\u00d2N c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng robots. Trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p robotic \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean 400% v\u1edbi n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u robots \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m n\u0103m, tr\u00ean 40% khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng robots v\u00e0 do t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t 93% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c STEM, tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110a s\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed t\u1edbi l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, trong vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (nh\u01b0, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robots) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m xong, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng) b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y n\u00e0y. Khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u01a1n chu, c\u00f3 \u00edt chi ph\u00ed ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng robots, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c robot v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed qua vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.”<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9 r\u1ebb t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. L\u00ed do sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh khu v\u1ef1c STEM l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f3” nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho cho STEM th\u00e0nh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y STEM, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00fa ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 hay c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc STEM, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3 l\u1eadt qua l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c V\u00c0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tu\u1ed9t sang k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

STEM education<\/p>\n

There is a misconception among students that subjects like Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) are difficult, abstract, complex and should be avoided since there is no need to learn them. There is a misconception among teachers and parents that STEM areas are meant for \u201csmart students\u201d but not for everyone. The fact is STEM education is necessary for ALL students, at ALL levels, from high school to college. Currently there are more job openings in STEM areas than STEM graduates. An industry executive told high school students: \u201cIf you do NOT study STEM today, you will NOT find job by the time you graduate college because from now on, everything will require STEM skills regardless of what sector of the industry that you work for because STEM education is the key to a wide range of careers in this technology-driven economy.\u201d Last year, the Global Economics Institute released a report based on a study in 175 countries that over the past 10 years, growth in STEM jobs was five times greater than that of non-STEM jobs. STEM jobs are predicted to continue to grow at a faster rate than other jobs in the next twenty years. On the average, STEM workers earned 36 percent more than non-STEM workers.<\/p>\n

High school students often believe that there is no need to study STEM since they already learn biology, geography, calculus, and arithmetic taught in every high school\u2019s curricula. That is NOT CORRECT, those are the foundation but NOT enough because today students must learn additional STEM skills such as technology skills (i.e., how to use a computer; how to write simple commands using programming language; how to search things on the Internet etc.) and engineering skills (i.e., problem solving, issues analyzing, and critical thinking etc.) They also need to develop soft-skills such as working in team, communication and presentation, and foreign languages skills etc. These skills are very important that can be applied to many careers in this technology-driven economy.<\/p>\n

It is important to parents and students to know that STEM skills are relevant to the job market. For example, if you study Business Administration, you need to know how to use a computer, you need to know how to use certain finance and accounting software, you need to know how to use a database etc. You do not have to be a programmer to write code or collect data but you must know how to use computer to perform your job. Today most banks, finance companies and offices are fully automated with information technology. Without these basic technology skills, you will NOT be able to get a job.<\/p>\n

It is important to know that all over the world, technology is replacing people because it is cheaper, better, and more efficient. This situation has been underway for some time but recently it accelerates. You can see that ATMs machines are replacing bank teller jobs; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are reducing many office jobs, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are reducing many advertising and marketing jobs etc. The use of technology for more efficiency, lower costs, and increase profits is spreading everywhere and displacing labor and lesser skilled workers.<\/p>\n

It is important to notice that today many developing countries are facing issue of youth unemployment due to obsolete education systems and lack of understanding of technology trends. Without proper education, these countries cannot grow or relying on low cost labors to work in manufacturing sectors as there is a major shift to automate everything. The fact is manufacturing factories will NO LONGER need labor workers as they will be using robots. In the past five year, robotics industries has grew over 400% with half million robots produced. It is predicted that within five years, over 40% of manufacturing industry sectors will be fully automated with robots and due to their efficiency; they will control 93% of the market. It means factories that do not automate will be eliminated and millions of labor jobs will also be lost. In the near future, most jobs will require STEM knowledge, expertise, information and communication skills. During the course of transformation, millions of labor workers will lose jobs, most will be unemployed for a long time and many will be forced to live in poverty for the rest of their lives.<\/p>\n

It is important to understand the process of technology transformation. The majority of the cost comes at the beginning, in the acquiring of hardware (i.e., automated machineries and robots) and software that operate these machines but when done, the cost of the systems is very low (maintenance and replace broken parts) the next step is he training of workers to operate these machines. When the whole system run smoothly, there are little expenses except raw materials to create products. A manager explains: \u201cIn our manufacturing industry, we often hire several thousand labor workers but since we are using robots, we only need less than a hundred workers who manage our robots at the cost savings of several million dollars. Basically, the driving force in applying technology is cost reduction via the replacement of people.<\/p>\n

Developing countries need to understand this situation. Labor workers, no matter how cheap, will become less important in this technology-driven economy. The key asset for growth and better employment is knowledge workers which require an investment in education and training. Having STEM education is the best way for developing countries to enter the global economy. The reason students often avoid STEM areas because they are viewed as \u201cdifficult\u201d but the fact is tradition teaching method of lecturing and theoretical learning making STEM abstracts and dull. To promote STEM, countries must use different method where students learn by doing rather than memorizing. No one can be a programmer just by memorizing coding syntax or data structures; No one can do math by memorizing formulas. To learn STEM, students must do it over and over until they master the subject. That means both education training program AND teaching method must change.<\/p>\n

The globalized world today is full of new ideas and new technologies. Adapting to this will require changes in mindsets, policies, investments (especially in STEM education). By understand technological trends and where market is, developing countries can take actions to capture these opportunities and prosper or continue to maintain the tradition of wait and let opportunities slipping to others.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m sai trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, tr\u1eebu … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4296"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4298,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296\/revisions\/4298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}