{"id":4275,"date":"2014-05-19T23:48:14","date_gmt":"2014-05-19T16:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4275"},"modified":"2014-05-19T23:48:14","modified_gmt":"2014-05-19T16:48:14","slug":"nhay-viec-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4275","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT), l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c: C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u1ee3i \u00edch. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng 5% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10% hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 15% cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.\u201d Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng; trong khi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9 sau hai n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hay b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u01b0a th\u00edch \u1edf l\u1ea1i hay \u00edt chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u1ecbch, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin c\u00f3 l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c” hay kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n xin m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e9t qua h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n xin \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cho ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u00edt h\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y theo ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ra \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i sau khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf ra \u0111i ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Qui t\u1eafc ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong h\u01a1n ba n\u0103m \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea b\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e2ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd \u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I T\u1ea4T C\u1ea2 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u tham; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i cho h\u1ecd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4n cao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n c\u0169ng gi\u00fap thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ti hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao hay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2m, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea3y vi\u1ec7c” n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Job hoping<\/p>\n

Because the shortage of skilled people in information technology (IT), the salary of these workers is increasing fast which leads to another problem: Workers changing job often to get maximum benefits. A programmer explains: \u201cIf I stay with a company, I may have 5% raise in salary each year but if I change job, I could easily get 10% or maybe 15% so there is no reason to stay in one place for more than a year.\u201d The term \u201cjob hopper\u201d is applied to people who frequently change job in their career. Software industry surveys found that young workers in their twenties switch job every eighteen months; whereas those in their thirties, changes job every two and a half years but once they reach late thirties or forties, most prefer to stay put or less switching jobs.<\/p>\n

The industry notices this issue and reacts quickly, when hiring managers review a resume, the first thing they look at is the career history of the applicant. By looking at this, they can determine whether the applicant is a \u201cjob hopper\u201d or not. Today most companies do not read applications but using an automate systems that scan thousands of applications to identify qualified applicants for interviews. These systems are now programmed to eliminate applicants who are on a job for less than 3 years. A hiring manager explains: \u201cWe try not to allow any job hopper to pass through our hiring process. Most job hoppers only go after the money, have no intention to build a long term career. Many only have basic skills but often exaggerate their skills to get better positions and they often leave before the company noticing their weakness.\u201d Another manager added: \u201cWe have to spend a lot of money in hiring and training them for our job then after the training they would work for few months then leave for better position somewhere. No one would hire such a job hopper who take advantage of the training then quit the job. The rule today is if you have not worked for more than 3 years in one place, we do not hire you.\u201d<\/p>\n

However every company needs IT workers and if they switch job, company still has to spend more money to hire and train new workers. But if company raises salary to keep them stay then it is costly for the business, and some would stay for a while and switch job anyway. A better solution for the company is to recognize that NOT ALL workers are greedy; some want to build a long term career and to keep them, company must focus on their career paths. Managers must give them challenging works that enhance their responsibilities and provide them additional trainings so they can learn new things to build their skills. If workers can advance into better positions and their career paths are defined clearly based on their knowledge and performance, they will not switch jobs. Most IT workers want to participate in some decision makings and grow their career instead of salary. Getting promoted to more responsibilities also help gaining their loyalty and motivate them to develop better knowledge and skills for challenging assignments in the future.<\/p>\n

Today many companies do not spend enough money on training for they afraid that after the training workers will leave. They do not understand that no one would leave if they see a clear career path and advancement within current company. No developers would leave if they know that they would be given more responsibilities in their works and could get promote to project manager position if they perform well. No project manager would leave if they know that they would be given more responsibilities in their work and could get to product manager position if they perform well. No product manager would leave if they know that they would be given more responsibilities in their work and could get to senior management position or director position. As long as proper training is provided and a clear career path is established for every worker, company can avoid this \u201cjob hopping\u201d issue and prosper in this competitive market.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT), l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4275"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4277,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4275\/revisions\/4277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}