{"id":4243,"date":"2014-05-07T21:53:06","date_gmt":"2014-05-07T14:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4243"},"modified":"2014-05-07T21:53:06","modified_gmt":"2014-05-07T14:53:06","slug":"phuong-phap-day-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4243","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi th\u0103m CMU \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i \u00a0sao th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ebf khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u00ec thi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc k\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u00ec thi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u00ec. N\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t ra sao m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed7 hay tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cL\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean gh\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng “gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u1eaft khe” nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i CMU. Tuy nhi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00ec h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ecdi tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam bao nhi\u00eau n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean “th\u1ea5y” ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung cu\u1ed9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cVi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 tri th\u1ee9c qua “ghi nh\u1edb” v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1edfi b\u00e0i thi \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sau m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi: “Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea5y sao?\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n qua vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec r\u1ed3i cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: \u201cSao th\u1ea7y quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean? Sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ecdn ra sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y?”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n “d\u1ea1y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p”, M\u1eccI sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. M\u1eccI sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TH\u1edcI GIAN v\u00e0 KI\u00caN NH\u1eaaN thay v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1edbi chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, M\u1eccI sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Khi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh th\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p \u00edt h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u01a1n cho t\u1edbi khi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngay tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 m\u1ed7i l\u00fac, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 “chu tr\u00ecnh” r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ti\u1ebfp. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u00fac, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c quan nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y sang m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau khi h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, KH\u00d4NG sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ed7i l\u00fac v\u00e0 T\u1ea4T C\u1ea2 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sinh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed7 hay tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u1edf l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i tin ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 cho s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u00fac.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Effective Teaching Method<\/p>\n

Last week, a group of Chinese professors visited CMU to observe how we teach and many came to my class. They were surprised that I gave students quiz every week and test every month. A professor asked: \u201cWhy do you have so many tests and quizzes when the school only requires one final exam at the end of the semester?<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cTraditional education relies on one final exam to measure students\u2019 learning in the whole semester. It is NOT effective as students do not know whether they learn something or not since there is no indicator on how well they learn until the final test when they either pass or fail. To promote better learning, I design my course by continual giving feedback to students on their progress toward the course objectives via quizzes and tests.\u201d<\/p>\n

A professor asked: \u201cDo you think students like to have test every week? Is that a lot of work for you?\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cIn the beginning most students hate it. They prefer to have as fewer quizzes and test as much as possible. I was known as one of the most \u201cTough professors\u201d at CMU. However students appreciate my teaching efforts as they learn more in my course. Of course, it is a lot of work as I have to grade quizzes and tests every week to give them feedback. But that is my way of providing students information on how they are making progress toward learning a skill or to apply a concept. Effective teaching help students to know where they are in the learning process, where they are going, and how much further they have to learn to meet the learning goals. I want students to \u201csee\u201d their progress in the form of a score that can be added up toward a total score at the end of the class as the final grade.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTraditional teaching is based on the accumulation of knowledge via \u201cmemorization\u201d and how much student learns can be measured by an exam at the end of the course. That is why many students do not study but wait until the last few weeks to cram everything into their head. They do not really learn but only memorize things and that is why many cannot apply what they memorize into real work. That is NOT effective teaching as some may pass the test then forget most materials after the course. My view of teaching is a progression journey through the course materials where students learn several small objectives from weekly quiz and monthly test toward the mastery of the whole course objectives.\u201d<\/p>\n

A professor asked: \u201cBut is that requires re-design the course into smaller objectives?\u201d<\/p>\n

I answered: \u201cOf course, the basic concept is that the course content can be organized into smaller units, each with its own objectives where complete learning mastery is required before moving on to the next unit. The method of moving through the instruction is based on reading assignments, weekly quiz and monthly test as a tool for identifying what students have learned and what have not learned then providing additional instruction for things that have not been mastered. My weekly quiz is based on few short questions to make sure students understand the basic concept that I teach that week. The monthly test is focusing on problems that students must solved by applying what they have learned previously. Therefore it is NOT about only knowing the theories but also applying the knowledge.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another professor inquired: \u201cWhy do you concern about student\u2019s learning or not learning? Why not let testing to select good students and not so good student?<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cMy view of teaching is that under \u201cappropriate teaching\u201d conditions, ALL students can learn what is taught. ALL students can apply what they have learned to do real work. I believe that aptitude for learning is based on TIME and PERSEVERANCE rather than ability. By teaching this way, students learn and practice what they have learned accordingly rather than traditional method that measure performance of students based on passing a test. My teaching focuses on the progress of students from basic to advance level with increasing difficultly and the need to apply more skill to master the next level. In other words, ALL students can learn basic concepts and solve easy problems when given proper guidelines so they gain confident that they can do it. As students become more adept at solving problems, I provide less guidance until students can solve problems by themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cMy view of teaching is the process of controlling the learning elements that initially may be beyond students\u2019 capacity. For example in my programming class, I do not expect that students can start write code on the first week, that is beyond their capacity. By teaching the basic step such as writing one simple line of code at a time, students can focus on the simplest elements within their own capability. Once that task is accomplished, students are then lead to move on to another task which builds upon the previous. In this case they learn to write few lines of code to perform simple function such as a \u201cloop\u201d then continue to move on the next objective. This teaching allows students to learn one thing at a time, make sure they can do it then move on to the next, extending the scope of learning and let the achievement of tasks not otherwise possible. It provides visual progress such as score of each quiz to students and maintains their interest in learning as they move from one level to the next having different experiences as they progress toward the ultimate goal. Of course, the levels usually become more difficult as students moves toward the end and the skills they demonstrate at the final level would not be possible without achieving the preceding levels. In this case, NO students will be left behind as they are making progress one unit at a time and they ALL learn together. I do not like the selection method of eliminating students based on passing or failing at the end. It is NOT effective and only produces few selective students. By teaching this way, I believe we can massively educate a large number of students to learn from the simple to the complex concept as we provide encouragements and guidance to let students gain confident until they are good enough to be on their own. That is what I consider as my goal: To educate students with knowledge that let them enjoy learning by encourage them and let them progress and apply what they have learned one step at a time.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi th\u0103m CMU \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4243"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4245,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4243\/revisions\/4245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}