{"id":4231,"date":"2014-05-03T23:13:43","date_gmt":"2014-05-03T16:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4231"},"modified":"2014-05-03T23:13:43","modified_gmt":"2014-05-03T16:13:43","slug":"co-hoi-phat-trien-web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4231","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web, lo\u1ea1i k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o em c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?\u201d N\u1ebfu em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, em c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec websites (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v.v.) Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc v.v… V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 hay c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, Webmaster c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v.v. nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 web ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t website c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng website doanh nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 ba khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n an ninh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hackers kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, c\u1ea5y viruses, ng\u1ef1a Trojan, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i hay t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng xi be; Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c “m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i; (L\u01b0u \u00fd: M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a web m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi); v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (M\u1eb7t h\u1eadu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi x\u1eed l\u00ed x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.)<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 “website \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p\u201d cho n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 cao. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hay ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, website l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng ti cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 k\u0129 c\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf website; l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong PHP, HTML5 v\u00e0 CSS; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cho website b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng JavaScript, hay jQuery; c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p XML cho \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung, c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng XML cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Java, Ruby, Python hay PHP; qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t DNS c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n; tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t website l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 website. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m (nh\u01b0, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, vi\u1ebft, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v.v.) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Theo S\u1edf Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e3ng 18% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean 300,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y hay \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 141,400 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1edfi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t do s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a e-commerce to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Khi nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh thay v\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Websites \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do kh\u00e1c cho vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Web development opportunities<\/p>\n

A third year Computer Science student wrote to me: \u201cI like to work as Web Developer, what kind of skills I need to do well in this career?\u201d If I want to work in a foreign country what skills should I need? Please help.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Web developers are responsible for designing, coding, and maintaining websites (i.e., adding new functions, update information etc.) However, the skills are not just technical but also artistic for visually appealing such as design layout, improve graphic and color display etc… Basically a web developer is both a software developer and a graphic artist.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, people can take a few courses in vocational schools or training companies to be Certified Web Developer, Certified Webmaster etc. but the job market has changed quickly as web technology evolves. Although it is not difficult to create a personal website but business websites require much more as they are getting more complex. There are three areas that web developers must know: Security implementation to prevent hackers from stealing passwords, implant viruses, Trojan horse, malicious software or cyber-attack; Implement \u201cfront-end\u201d layout to ensure usability, performance, and easy to navigate; (Note: Frontend is the part of the web that users see and interact with); and make sure that the backend is well designed for transactions and interface with other applications and database (Backend is the part when all processing takes place and it is getting more complex, so web developers need to be able to identify issues and fix them right away.)<\/p>\n

Today more companies are conducting business online and they need to have \u201ceffective and professional designed websites\u201d so demand for skilled web developers is high. Regardless of location or industry, website is the store front that represents the company so it must be designed carefully with a lot of well thought details. That is why for business web development, most companies prefer to hire someone with a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Software Engineering as graduates of these programs have more in depth skills in programming languages, understand interactivity and usability testing.<\/p>\n

To be a good Web developer, you need to understand how to layout\/design website; program in PHP, HTML5 and CSS; be able to add interactivity to a website using JavaScript, or jQuery; have Knowledge of XML syntax for markup and content, how to use XML for the interchange of data; be able write application in an object oriented language such as Java, Ruby, Python or PHP; manage a domain\u2019s DNS settings; deploy a website to a website host. Beside these technical skills you also need soft-skills (I.e., communication, presentation, problem solving, teamwork, writing, time management etc.) and if you want to work in foreign countries, you need to have good skills in reading, writing and speaking a foreign language.<\/p>\n

According to the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, web development jobs are predicted to grow about 18% per year in the next ten years. During that period, over 300,000 new jobs will be created and half will not be filled or roughly 141,400 unfilled positions. Globally, there will be over half million unfilled positions in developing countries as well. These are cause by substantial growth due to the expansion of e-commerce globally. As more businesses expand their online businesses, more web developers will be needed. There is another growing opportunity for web development for mobile phone as more people are using smartphone to conduct business instead of their personal computer. Websites designed for mobile phone will have to accommodate to small screen and more user friendly. That is another reason for the substantial employment growth in web development jobs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Web, lo\u1ea1i k\u0129 n\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4231"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4233,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4231\/revisions\/4233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}