{"id":4215,"date":"2014-04-25T17:15:53","date_gmt":"2014-04-25T10:15:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4215"},"modified":"2016-04-24T17:58:18","modified_gmt":"2016-04-24T10:58:18","slug":"mot-ki-thuat-hoc-qua-hanh-don-gian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4215","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi n\u00e0y? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc ra sao, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd: “C\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y?” N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo “c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c” tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp hay s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc g\u00ec c\u1ea3,\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd trong l\u1edbp v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.) Khi h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy h\u1ecfi: “N\u00f3i th\u00eam cho th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc?” L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 h\u1ecfi “theo c\u00e1ch th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n” th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4m ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f4i cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m tron nh\u00f3m h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf (3 t\u1edbi 5 sinh vi\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: “C\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u00e0o b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra?” Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra \u201cc\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u01a1i h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng) r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong tu\u1ea7n cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp (L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.) \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c tham gia, t\u00f4i cho \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung then ch\u1ed1t t\u1eeb phi\u00ean h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y trong tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh,” sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A simple “Learning by Doing” technique<\/p>\n

A young teacher asked me: \u201cMy students are new to the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method and I want to know how effective it is as compare with traditional method. How do I know if they are learning anything with this method? Please advise.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: If you want to know how your students are learning, you can ask them: “What have you learned this week?” It is a simple question to ask but you should do that in an \u201cinformal manner\u201d before class or on the school yard. It would be easy if you laugh and say: “Do not tell me that you do not learn anything.\u201d To make them feel comfortable. (Note: Do not ask them in class as it may impose something serious). When they answer you can inquire: “Tell me more about what you have learned from the reading?” The first time you ask, students may hesitate because they do not know how to answer but if you keep asking in a \u201cfriendly manner\u201d then they will tell you what they have learned. (Note: By reading the assigned materials students have some ideas about the concept and that is the first time they learn the material.)<\/p>\n

To increase the teaching effectiveness, each week I have a short quiz to make sure students are learning. The day before the quiz, I allow students to have a review session by themselves by form small groups (3 to 5 students) to come up with the question: “What will be on the quiz?” So they can prepare the answers by reviewing the reading materials that may generate \u201cpossible quiz questions\u201d. By let them study as a small group, they will learn together and be more active in their own learning. (Note: This is the second time they learn the materials as they will understand more and begin to develop their knowledge.)<\/p>\n

To make sure that students are developing the skills, I ask students to review their notes with another person and identify three important points that they learned. (This is the third time they learned the material where they know the important things) then I ask some of them to summarize what they have learned in the week to the entire class (Note: This will allow them to discuss more about how to apply the skills to solve problems) To encourage participation, I give extra points for students who volunteer to do that. By this time, most students should learn the materials well enough and I will begin the next class by explain essential content from a class session last week and how they relate to the content and I will teach this week.<\/p>\n

In \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method, students must engage in pre-class readings, class discussions and take quiz on a weekly basis to develop their knowledge and skills. They should reflect on what and how they are learning as they are responsible for their own learning processes. Teachers should encourage them to learn with each other.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4215"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5016,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4215\/revisions\/5016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}