{"id":4171,"date":"2014-03-31T16:26:45","date_gmt":"2014-03-31T09:26:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4171"},"modified":"2014-03-31T16:26:45","modified_gmt":"2014-03-31T09:26:45","slug":"day-va-hoc-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4171","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t cho sinh vi\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh ta: \u201cC\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3 theo vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng?” N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eebng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m sai, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y trong cu\u1ed1n “S\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 cung thu\u1eadt”: \u201cAi n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n b\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n b\u1eafn tr\u00fang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau?\u201d H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 h\u0103m h\u1edf l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u t\u00fa “\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 do \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cSinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00ed n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 thay v\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho sinh vi\u00ean, m\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Do \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1edb. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 XYZ l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d hay \u201cM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ABC l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2026\u201d v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cGoogle\u201d c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb Wikipedia. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u “tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u” trong l\u1edbp thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i coi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teaching and Learning<\/p>\n

A young teacher told me: \u201cI want to be the best teacher and I spend a lot of time learning how to speak eloquently so I can be the best lecturer for my students.\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cMy view of education is more about learning. Successful teaching should not be measured by how good teachers teach but by what students learn. You can give excellent lecture but when measured by its effects on learning, you may be surprised. If students cannot apply what they have learned, then the question is \u201cHave they really been taught?” If they really learn, they need to be able to act on what they have learned. If they memorize all the math formulas but cannot solve problems, they really do not learn.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is important for teachers to focus on students\u2019 learning and help them to deal with failure because each failure is another step toward success. Even when students do it wrong, they are still learning and it is important for teachers to encourage and motivate them rather than to fail them. I like the teaching in \u201cThe Book of Archery\u201d: \u201cWho said a hundred times that you missed has nothing to do with the time you hit the target?\u201d The tradition education system is too eager to fail students because its goal is to select few elites but current education is about educate the mass to develop the skilled workforce for the knowledge society. Having more tests to eliminate students and select only few \u201cspecial\u201d elites is an obsoleted concept dated back to ancient time of dynasty and kingdoms. Today it is all about the ability to apply knowledge to innovate and create things therefore, the role of teachers is to facilitate, motivate, and encourage students to learn and learning is the ultimate goal of education.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cStudents should learn the basic knowledge then apply them to develop skills. Knowledge and skills are two sides of the same coins as they complement one another. What will happen when students do not understand a concept? It means they need more information as they have not process it well. Teachers should explain to them in another way by using examples instead of continue to lecture about the theory. Sometime a concept is too abstract and they need time to process it. If you continue to lecture, it will confuse them more. Instead you should use simple examples so they can relate to it and come up in their own way to understand it. This is how complex problems are resolved by breaking them into smaller, easier pieces. Best teachers do not give answers or fix problems for students, but to equip them with certain skills so that they can fix the problems for themselves, and this is where learning happens.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat students know and be able to do is what true learning is. Therefore future testing should be focus more on doing not memorizing. Students need frequent assessments on what they think they know and that is why I like to have weekly tests so students can assess what they have learned, what they missed so they can relearn. I do not like to ask questions such as \u201cWhat is the definition of XYZ?\u201d or \u201cDescribe what ABC is \u2026\u201d because they only require students to memorize things. Today anybody can \u201cGoogle\u201d the answers from Wikipedia. The better test questions would be putting them in a situation and let them solve the problem and teachers should use more \u201ccase studies\u201d in class instead of just lecturing. Teaching using case studies will make students to think and develop problem solving skills instead of just memorize the answers or the formulas.\u201d That is why I consider the goal of education is about how much students learn not how well the teacher lecture.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i l\u01b0u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4171"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4173,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4171\/revisions\/4173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}