{"id":4144,"date":"2014-03-15T07:47:24","date_gmt":"2014-03-15T00:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4144"},"modified":"2014-03-15T07:47:24","modified_gmt":"2014-03-15T00:47:24","slug":"lam-viec-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4144","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qui \u01b0\u1edbc. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 t\u1eeb 2 t\u1edbi 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, hay b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v.v. Trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: 1) C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu c\u00f9ng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. 2) M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 hai vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n chung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. 3) Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. 4) Trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed xung \u0111\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c quay v\u00f2ng vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean KH\u00d4NG quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo ch\u00fang, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc g\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00ed ch\u1eadm v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn sinh vi\u00ean cho t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 thay v\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung. Khi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec m\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u00ec xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh) n\u01a1i t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd cho ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n # 2)<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n #1). C\u1ee9 hai tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u201cCh\u00fang ta l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?” “C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn?” v\u00e0 “C\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea7n sau?” (\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n #3). C\u1ee9 sau s\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u00edch l\u1ee3i th\u00ec y\u00ean t\u0129nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho t\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 hay th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c khi b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb k\u00e9o l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n; sinh vi\u00ean k\u00e9m h\u01a1n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh hay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 hai, cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teamwork<\/p>\n

Active learning requires students to work in teams to solve problems. Results of this teaching method have indicated that it is more effective than conventional method. Active learning students tend to get better grades on tests, have better analytical and critical thinking skills, deeper understanding of learned material, greater motivation to learn, and better relationships with others.<\/p>\n

Teamwork involves students to work in teams of 2 to 5 people to accomplish an assigned task and produce a final product such as a solution to a problem, an analysis of a situation, or a report on a topic etc. In teamwork, there are four conditions that students must strictly follow to make it works: 1) Team members must rely on one another to achieve the common goal. If any team members fail to do their part, everyone on the team will suffer the consequences. 2) All team members are held accountable both for doing their share of the work and for understanding everything in the final product, not just the parts for which they are responsible. 3) Team members set team goals, individual goals, and periodically review the process to determine how well they are working together, and identify changes they must improve to work more effectively. 4) In teamwork, students learn and develop communication, presentation, leadership, conflict management, and decision-making skills by rotating roles among members.<\/p>\n

Teaching teamwork is NOT easy, especially to students who are NOT familiar with this technique. Before allowing students to work in teams, teachers must clearly explain the four conditions of teamwork and make sure students understand and follow them, else it will not work. For example without individual accountability, some students may not do much but let team works done by others. Therefore they learn nothing in the process, and the students who do the work may feel unhappy and resent both their teammates and the teacher.<\/p>\n

Teamwork takes time to develop so teachers should proceed slowly as it requires some learning to take place for both students and teachers. Teachers who have never used it may try the first time in a small team project to learn and gain experience. In teamwork, teachers should select students for each team rather than allow the students to self-select. The best teamwork combination tends to be students with different ability and skills but have common interests. When students self-select, they often choose friends or people they know well then they do not learn much from. Teamwork must be challenging that requires the team to work hard. The collective learning activities force them to share, collaborate, support and solving any conflict. If they could easily complete assignments by themselves then they may not learn the full potential of cooperative learning and they may resent the additional time that they have to work in groups.<\/p>\n

To begin, teachers must start with clear instruction about the teamwork conditions and how teamwork can help develop soft-skills before assigning team. It is important that in teamwork, students are assigning different roles (e.g. team leader, coordinator, recorder, and process monitor) where each take turn to play each role periodically. Teachers must impose individual accountability by giving individual tests. In traditional courses, the grade is based on the test results but in teamwork, teachers will give test based on individual contribution by testing their knowledge. Students who do not work hard or contribute to team activities will get bad grade.<\/p>\n

To determine teamwork, I often randomly call each individual member to present their work and explain the team results. (This will assess the condition # 2)<\/p>\n

I also prefer to have each team member rate everyone\u2019s contribution and combining the results with the team grade to determine individual grades with the option of failing uncooperative team members. (To assess condition #1) Every two weeks, I ask each team to respond to questions “How well are we meeting our goals and expectations? \u201cWhat are we doing well?” “What needs improvement?” and “What will we do differently next time?” (To assess condition #3) Every six week, I would conduct a review of the team activities, students who do not like teamwork are often complain about it, while others who like the benefits are quiet. This will help me to determine whether teamwork is working well or not and make adjustment accordingly.<\/p>\n

There are always some students who do not like to work in team, some may resist team activities or being hostile to this type of learning so it is important to take time and explain carefully about the benefits to them. Students often react negatively when asked to work in teams for the first time. Good students complain about begin held back by their slower teammates; weaker students complain about being ignored in team activities and resentments will happen when some team members fail to contribute. Teachers with experience know how to avoid or solve these issues, but lesser experienced teachers may become discouraged and abandon this type of learning, which is a loss both for them and for their students.<\/p>\n

Teamwork learning will succeed if the teacher understands students\u2019 resistance: What happens, how they resist, and how to overcome it. It is important to clearly explain to them that teamwork is a critical soft skill that determines their career success when they work in the industry. It helps them to work in team as all future works are teamwork.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4144"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4146,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4144\/revisions\/4146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}