{"id":4106,"date":"2014-03-04T10:21:43","date_gmt":"2014-03-04T03:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4106"},"modified":"2014-03-04T10:21:43","modified_gmt":"2014-03-04T03:21:43","slug":"cong-nghe-thong-tin-va-qui-trinh-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4106","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “Qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p” v\u00e0 “Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u00e1m \u01a1n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hay v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh agile v.v. T\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 pha n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v.v.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ea5u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i m\u1ecdi giao t\u00e1c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ra thu nh\u1eadp bao nhi\u00eau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kho nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong kho c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1edbt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n nh\u1eadn, chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (DSS) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch big data r\u1ed3i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

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Information technology and business process<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cI am confused between the term \u201cBusiness Process\u201d and \u201cSoftware process\u201d and how information systems are used to improve the business. Please explain. Thank you.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Answer: A business process is a set of activities that define how certain business tasks are done. Business processes are the ways in which companies organize their activities to create products or services. For example, a business process of the manufacturing factory may include processing raw materials into parts, assembling parts into products, checking for quality, and shipping products to customers. The business process for a retail company may include getting products, advertising and displaying products to making customers aware of the product, and selling the product.<\/p>\n

A software process is a set of activities and methods that define how to create software products. There are several models or life cycles, each describing certain ways to develop software such as the waterfall model, the spiral model, the incremental model, and the agile model etc. Each model has certain phases such as requirements, design, implement, test and maintenance etc.<\/p>\n

Information technology can improve business processes making them faster, better and cheaper by increasing their efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness. Today Information systems are used in most business functions such as sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources. For example, information systems can track all sale transactions of a retail store and organized them into reports to each level of management to make decisions. The store manager receives sale report everyday on how the store perform, how much revenue it makes. The inventory manager receives product report on which products are sold so he can keep enough products in each store\u2018s inventory. Marketing manager receives report on which products are sold well and which are not so he can advertise more or reduce price to get rid of unsold products. Finance and accounting manager receives report of sales in all of their stores so he can calculate revenues on account receivable, costs on account payable and his profit plan to make decision on how to increase revenues and reduce costs to increase profits etc. All of these decisions are happening daily to increase performance of company to maximize profits. These data and decision that they made are collected by another information system called Decision Support System (DSS) that analyze all decisions made by complex advanced analytic models and big data analysis then combine with information from other external sources of business intelligence such as market trends, customer trends, competitor trends into another reports or graphs and present them to the company executives and owners for more strategic decisions. At each level of the organization, information systems support the major functional areas of the business by increase the efficiency and competitive capability of the company.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “Qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p” v\u00e0 “Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4106"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4108,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4106\/revisions\/4108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}