{"id":4104,"date":"2014-03-04T08:32:45","date_gmt":"2014-03-04T01:32:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4104"},"modified":"2014-03-04T08:32:45","modified_gmt":"2014-03-04T01:32:45","slug":"hoc-qua-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4104","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean, nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp r\u1ed3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft; th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thi \u0111ua v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c. Cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp “d\u1ef1a theo h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng cho sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi k\u00ec thi qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nghe. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. L\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean thu nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m k\u00e9m, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh” c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00ec h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean lo ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u1ecf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00ec s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng trang n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1eefa, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i “N\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng” th\u00eam n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 lo l\u1eafng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c then ch\u1ed1t cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd quen v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghe gi\u1ea3ng khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t khi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 “t\u1ea1i sao” \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, sinh vi\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cEm c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhai l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m, em ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m sao em s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n em cho l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Learning by Doing<\/p>\n

Today in many schools, students do not sit quietly, listen to lecture and taking notes but instead, they discuss with others on special topics, debate latest technology trends, and working in team to solve problems.<\/p>\n

Today teachers rarely lectures for the entire class time but only summarize some key concepts to encourage class discussions then monitor students\u2019 class activities, and if needed, correct any misconceptions. They let students play key roles in simulated exercises to help them learn to solve problems using what they have learned in class and reading assignments.<\/p>\n

Today students do not spend time memorize facts anymore but analyze problems that they must learn to solve; discuss technology trends and how to apply them to increase values for the business. They work in team with certain roles and responsibilities, they learn how to present their works to the class, and organize their team to compete with others. So far the results of this active learning method are significantly different from traditional lecturing method, proving that the new \u201clearning by doing-based\u201d classes can provide depth and breadth for students to acquire the needed knowledge and skills to meet industry\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n

In the past twenty years, students learning in this method have done very well in all national exams, they have scored higher on tests designed to probe how well they truly understand what they have learned. A teacher said: \u201cIt is important that students gain an in-depth understanding of a subject and that requires more than the passive sit-and-listen kind of learning. They must prove it by doing it but this type of learning is not easy. Doing well, it can help students acquire the importance of their lessons and retain more of what they learn but doing it poorly, it can be just an entertaining and nothing else.\u201d<\/p>\n

Learning by doing method requires students to follow a strict self-discipline and be active in their learning process. To most teachers, the first year of using \u201cLearning by doing\u201d method is probably the most difficult. Students often complain that they do not know what they are supposed to do and what to learn as they always have difficulty working in teams. Many students worry that they may not pass exams at the end of the year so some teachers abandon this method for afraid that their students may fail. Teachers also complain that this method takes more time to prepare than traditional lecturing method as they do not feel comfortable with something that they are not familiar with. However after few years, many have changed their minds. A teacher explained: \u201cWhat I was doing in the past was teaching students to pass tests such as memorize these pages and you will pass the test. Now I do not worry about tests anymore, my students know what they have learned and what they can do with their knowledge. They do not ask me \u201cIs it will be on the test\u201d anymore. Of course in the beginning, students do worry but they should trust the process as most students before them had passed the test and they could, too.\u201d<\/p>\n

The key challenge for most students is to be self-disciplined by reading materials BEFORE they come to class and most do not like it as they are familiar with the lecturing method when they do not have to do anything. To encourage reading, teachers should give students some questions in which they must find answers in the reading materials before coming to class to help them be familiar with this new learning approach. Once students are able to answer these questions correctly then teachers can start with another question of \u201cWhy\u201d which will lead to class discussion. The main point is getting them to focus more into the problem that they must solve. After few weeks, students acknowledged that it can be a lot of work but most like it. A student told me: \u201cI have better understanding of the problem and it is much more enriching than listen to a lecture and learn to regurgitate information. Instead of reading about what other people are doing, I get to step into their roles and think how I would solve the problem. It is more like real-life preparation to prepare myself for working in the industry.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean, nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4104"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4105,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104\/revisions\/4105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}