{"id":4098,"date":"2014-03-01T15:33:48","date_gmt":"2014-03-01T08:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4098"},"modified":"2014-03-01T15:33:48","modified_gmt":"2014-03-01T08:33:48","slug":"ki-thuat-day-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4098","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 thu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u0103m nom t\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y khi h\u1ecd tin t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “tr\u00ean-xu\u1ed1ng” v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ‘d\u01b0\u1edbi-l\u00ean’, \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ca s\u0129 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho khoa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc g\u00ec? V\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd. Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp \u201cH\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u\u201d, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft; \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edch cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam trong l\u1edbp. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho t\u00f4i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00ed do vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean l\u1edbp b\u1ecb b\u1ecf xa kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xem c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua k\u1ebd h\u1edf n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o lo l\u1eafng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ch\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a Google t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm c\u1ee7a Google, cho sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp “Khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1” v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi anh \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cEm t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e3 Google l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd em bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 em ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm c\u1ee7a Google l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf Google.\u201d C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n Markov, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan cho sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cEm l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n em l\u00e0m XYZ \u2026. L\u00e0m sao em gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?\u201d H\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh ra cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao M\u0129 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990? T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m “kho\u00e1n trong” thay v\u00ec “kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i”? Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o gi\u00fap l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t?\u201d T\u1ea1i sao tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng?\u201d \u201cNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V.v. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111em c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i blog c\u1ee7a website v\u00e0 b\u00e0i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp xem nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp. Khi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o bi\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec, hay m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u201cTh\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c em.\u201d C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean” n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho sinh vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf cho c\u00e1i v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean; th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Effective teaching techniques<\/p>\n

A young teacher wrote to me: \u201cI work hard to develop training materials but I do not know whether my students care about my course material or not. I still feel like there is a mismatch between my intentions for the class and what my students actually want to learn. Is there a better way to find out? Please advise.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Students will pay attention to your course when they believe the materials are relevant to their interests. Most teachers often use the classic \u201ctop-down\u201d approach that is often taught in the school of education using lectures and starting with their knowledge of the subject and their own beliefs about what students need to know. Today new teaching method is to facilitate student\u2019 interest using a \u201cbottom-up\u201d approach that requires teachers to understand students’ needs, modify the materials to meet their needs, and encourage students to participate in class activities.<\/p>\n

For example, Professional singers always change their songs to resonate with their audience. Marketers learn about the needs of consumers before selling products. The same concept can also be applied to college faculty: How do we know what our students\u2019 interests are? What they want to learn? And what knowledge they acquire from our teaching?<\/p>\n

The best way and simplest way is to ask them. When I teach \u201cAdvanced Database Systems\u201d class, I ask students to list what they know; what they want to know; and what they already learned from other class. These informations are helpful for me to adjust my materials to ensure that I meet the needs of students. The next thing I also do is asking students how my materials are related to their interests; ask them about which part of the materials is confusing so I can explain more in class. This technique in combination with frequent weekly quizzes will help me to monitor students’ performance and how well they are learning in my class.<\/p>\n

One reason college teaching seem irrelevant to students is that classroom work is far removed from actual works in the industry. Students seldom have opportunity to see what actually happens in the industry and what professionals do. To bridge this gap, I often invite professionals from the industry to come and lecture in my class and ask them to share with students some of their work. Many teachers worry if they do that, they may not completed teaching materials required by the school. But I learned that a good lecture from someone working in the industry can excite students to learn more than several boring school lectures. Last year, I invited a senior developer from Google to lecture in my class and shared his code, which is part of Google search engine, to students in my \u201cData Mining and Modeling\u201d class and explained to them how search engine works. When he lectured, you can see fifty students sit quietly and paid attention to every single of line of code display on the computer screen projected on the board. Afterward a student said: \u201cI thought Google code is something mysterious but now I know that they are not as complex as I thought and I can write something like that too.\u201d He told the class: \u201cNow you know how basically our Google search engine works as how it relates to the algorithms that you have learned in this course, I think you all can get a job at Google.\u201d The whole class exploded with enthusiast and since then, they were very serious about Probability, Markov chains, queues and simulation which are the main topics of the course.<\/p>\n

Another effective teaching technique that I often use that make the material relevant for students is using case study but placing student in the first-person role to solve the case. For example: \u201cYou are the project manager and the customers want you to do XYZ \u2026. How do you solve this problem?\u201d Problem-based learning presents students with real situation that they must learn to solve. It is a good material for class discussion as students can work in team to analyze the problems and learn how to solve it. I always choose cases that connect to real-world problems so that students are confronted with issues that they may encounter in the real world. When students are assigned to read newspaper articles, I always ask them questions such as: \u201cWhy the U.S outsources manufacturing in 1990s? Why today more companies are \u201cinsource\u201d instead of \u201coutsource\u201d? What factors are helping to change the manufacturing to increase productivity?\u201d Why following the processes is important in factory?\u201d \u201cWhat are the causes of project failure? Etc. I often require students to bring in newspapers articles, website\u2019s blogs and technical articles that they think are relevant to the class materials as topics to discuss in class. When teacher know what students’ interests are, or what their goals are, they can modify courses materials that meet students’ needs. This modification process is much better than just follow a rigid top down approach of \u201cI know what is best for you.\u201d This \u201cBottom up\u201d approach involves a partnership between teachers and students where teacher teach what students want to learn.<\/p>\n

By increase the relevance of material, by providing students with real choices about what they will learn and how they will learn, the classroom will become a dynamic learning environment with significant result. By addressing students\u2019 needs and create a relevant approach to the teaching and learning allow teachers to learn more about students, what they have learned, and what they are interested in so teachers can guide them accordingly in their education journey. By remain open to students’ input; teachers will increase their interests in the course material. By ensuring that students have an active role during class time teachers can make your course into a meaningful and effective learning experience.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4098"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4100,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4098\/revisions\/4100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}