{"id":4094,"date":"2014-02-28T19:19:01","date_gmt":"2014-02-28T12:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4094"},"modified":"2014-02-28T19:56:47","modified_gmt":"2014-02-28T12:56:47","slug":"cong-nghiep-phan-mem-cua-trung-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4094","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi Zhang Qiwen, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1edbp K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cTrong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT v\u00ec n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u00ean c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan li\u00eau ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t. So v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Infosys, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 1000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 K\u00cdCH C\u1ee0 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 K\u0128 N\u0102NG. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110a s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh doanh cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 600,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e3ng 180,000 so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u 850,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu khi so v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ISO v\u00e0 CMMI l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0ng ra h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1eadn CMMI m\u1ee9c 5 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00e0o. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n” c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1970 n\u01a1i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, qui tr\u00ecnh hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thay v\u00ec h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u00e0” ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eb7c cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c” n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba sau M\u0129 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, s\u00e2n bay, c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00ed kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m nhanh. \u0110\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “linh h\u1ed3n” c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tin trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi US $102 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi $200 t\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2020. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao l\u00e0 trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng; v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c CNTT. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kinh doanh sinh l\u1eddi v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong mi\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean US$ 3,000 theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng khi so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Java c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng $400 – $ 600. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CNTT l\u1edbn v\u00ec c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o hai th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CNTT l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, M\u0129 v\u00e0 Anh nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Italy. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 30% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CNTT to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng $45 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edf cho c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 lan, Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, Na Uy, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 \u00c1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ec9, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf ra cho c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u00e1n trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, KH\u00d4NG sao ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cInternet c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9\u201d n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 mua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n gi\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh cho l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ke h\u1edf n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

China’s software industry<\/p>\n

As part of the globalization lecture, I invited Zhang Qiwen, an executive of a large software company in China to give a lecture to my Software Engineering class. Following is what he said:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cIn the past ten years, the Information Technology (IT) industry of China has developed rapidly but also faced some serious challenges. The speeds of globalization and changes in technology have impacted the IT industry significantly as it can NOT adjust quickly enough to meet global demand. The IT industry does not have skilled strategists to look forward to plan ahead so the bureaucracy management has to react to changes, often make mistakes, and our industry have missed many good opportunities. Compared with India\u2019s software industry, China still has a long way to catch up.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cChina’s software industry is small as compare with India. For example, all of Shanghai’s software export is making much less than Infosys, a single Indian software company. There are over ten thousand software companies in China but most are very small. Only few companies have over 1000 employees but the issue is NOT SIZE but SKILLS. Most Chinese software companies do not have domain expertise and project management skills. The majority of them are still focusing on coding and testing but without proper management and trainings, most projects are chaotic, have high defect rate and that is why China is losing a lot of business to India. Today China\u2019s software industry has over 600,000 people which are still small as compare with over five millions in India. The annual supply of IT graduates in China is estimated at 180,000 against a demand of 850,000 so there is a severe shortage of IT workers, especially software project managers and domain specialists.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cQuality in China’s software companies is weak as compared with India. Although ISO and CMMI are popular among Chinese software companies but the fact is they are mostly for display rather than actual. There is several companies received CMMI level 5 but it is only on paper as their actual quality is no different than any lower level. The main problem is university\u2019s trainings are still based on the \u201cClassic\u201d program of the 1960s and 1970s where coding and testing are the main focus. Students are trained to write code but not taught about engineering, process or design. Even today software engineering is relatively unknown and domain specific skills are only taught in top universities. Currently it is difficult to hire young professors as most of them prefer to work in the industry rather than academic. Most universities only have \u201cold professors\u201d who were trained thirty to forty years ago, they only teach what they know and students are victims of an archaic education system. Even with many pressures from government, the education system is still slow to change despite the software industry\u2019s demand for a large number of skilled workers. Because software education training is weak, there is a steadily decline in the quality of university graduates which force many students to seek education oversea.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cChina\u2018s hardware industry is among the best in the world. China is the third largest hardware manufacturer after the U.S. and Japan. China’s physical and telecommunications infrastructure provides an important foundation for the development of the country. The government invested aggressively in upgrading roads, airports, ports and other physical infrastructure, particularly in the special industrialized zones in coastal areas. Many foreign hardware manufacturing companies are relocated there and they provide additional trainings to workers and it helps the development of the computer and telecommunications manufacturing sectors. But today hardware is beginning to lose the competitive edge. To expand the import market, companies lower their prices so their profits are decreasing fast. To make up this deficit, software industry is now considered important. China recognizes that it cannot depend on hardware alone but must promote the software industry as it is the \u201csoul\u201d of the information industry during the transition from the industrial age to the information age.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTo promote the development of software market, China can learn from the experience of India. Today India\u2019s global IT services market have achieved US $102 billion and could reach $200 billion by 2020. Their high growth, high values are in domain specialization, systems integration, services management, software support; hardware support; and IT consulting and education. All of these are lucrative business with high profits than the low level skills of coding and testing. For example a domain specific worker in mobility can make over US$ 3,000 on a monthly contract as compare with a Java programmer with $400 – $ 600 monthly contract. To be competitive, China must change the current training in university to develop skilled workers who can compete for better jobs. Although the ministry of information technology has pushed forward innovation plans to facilitate the development of software industry but there are resistances as any change would threaten some people\u2019s positions. Without proper trainings, it is impossible to develop a strong software industry and without a skilled workforce, China cannot export software and keep its economy growing. If China can improve its software education, it can capture a large IT market because there is a shortage of skilled workers all over the world.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCurrently India\u2019s software industry is based on its export strategy that focusing on two largest IT markets, the U.S and the U.K but ignore the non-English-speaking markets like Japan, Germany, France and Italy. These countries which account for 30% of global IT market, a potential of $45 billion annually and these markets are now open for competition. Other countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Australia also offer growth potential along with Switzerland, Spain and Belgium markets, so there are many open markets to compete. To capture this market, China is currently improving its information technology infrastructure to better its competitive capability. Our strategy is not a copy of India\u2019s service export but different. Since our hardware manufacturing is well established, we will sell our equipments at lower prices but require customers to use our proprietary software. The ultimate goal is creating both hardware and software products with its own intellectual property rights, NOT copy of somebody else.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIn order to achieve that, China has begun to improve the education system by focus more on software technology that connects all hardware devices into one central system called \u201cThe Internet of Things\u201d where everything is controlled by software. China government is overhauling the traditional software industries to improve its capability by encouraging merging and acquisition of many small companies into larger conglomerates so they can compete more effectively in the global market. These companies must be able to deliver products and services that meet customer requirements. They should be delivered on time, must work the first time, and is user friendly and technically well-designed. This can only achieved by having good professional workers who are conscious of customer satisfaction. This only work when all workers are following well-defined processes, using the best development method and tools. Therefore the training of software engineer is critical to develop a quality culture can meet all these requirements.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cChina’s and India’s software industries started at the same time, but the difference between the two countries grew bigger during the first two decades of development. The main reasons for the big gap are the insufficient education and training and the insufficient protection of intellectual property. If we can solve this gap by improve the education system and protects intellectual property, we can develop a stronger software industry that can compete with any country in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi Zhang Qiwen, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4094"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4096,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4094\/revisions\/4096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}