{"id":4088,"date":"2014-02-26T18:29:40","date_gmt":"2014-02-26T11:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4088"},"modified":"2014-02-26T18:29:40","modified_gmt":"2014-02-26T11:29:40","slug":"sai-lam-thong-thuong-cua-nguoi-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4088","title":{"rendered":"Sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd. CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i sai. H\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n; n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. H\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu website s\u1eadp trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v.v. H\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u00e2n bay, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh hay h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 mong manh v\u1edbi l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi: \u201cM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n giao l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i? Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng? Ai l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn? Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd n\u00f3i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n giao? Sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; h\u1ecd v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t \u201cnhu c\u1ea7u\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ed1t khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sai l\u1ea7m chung nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 hay nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc; nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n song h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang cho n\u00ean sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i sai v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi x\u1ea3y ra. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n cho t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 trong chi ph\u00ed. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecf d\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 b\u00ean trong chi ph\u00ed hay gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y s\u1edbm trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone n\u01a1i h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The common mistakes of project managers<\/p>\n

Today Information Technology (IT) is becoming more important than ever. IT can help managing and controlling business operations but it could also be the problem too. When the IT system works, everything is fine but when it does not work, many things can go wrong. Imagine the IT system that controls the manufacturing of a big factory with thousand workers; if it fails the whole manufacture stops with thousands of workers have nothing to do. Without fixing it quickly, the company may lose a lot of money. Imagine the IT system that controls the online business with millions of customers, if the website crashes for few days, the company may lose millions of dollars etc. Imagine the IT system of the airport\u2019 control, if it stops working, all airplanes cannot take-off or landing and thousands of travelers will be impacted.<\/p>\n

IT system consists of hardware, software and network but the most critical part is the software. Hardware and network are always tested before installation but software is constantly being updated so it is vulnerable for errors. To maintain quality, software must be managed by skilled project manager who understand software processes and quality management. According to industry report, even today many managers do not have the skills to manage software projects. They may take a class in project management but a week of listening to a lecture is NOT enough, they must actually do it in order to learn. Software project management requires a lot of practices, and they need to practice many times before they can acquire the skills. They will make mistakes but they will also learn from mistakes and that is the key that distinguish effective projects managers from ineffective ones.<\/p>\n

For example, when given a software project to manage, how many project managers know how to ask: \u201cWhat are the objectives of this project? What are the deliverables? What is expected? Who are the users? Who are the customers? How many project managers would write this information into a project statement and review it with customers to get an agreement? How many of them would be able to deliver what they say they will deliver? The common mistake of many project managers is instead of planning the project; they hurry to start the project by hiring people and managing them instead of managing the project. There is a difference between managing people and managing project.<\/p>\n

When given a software project to manage, project managers must identify customers and users. Without knowing who the customers and users are, they often miss an opportunity to get the correct requirements. If they cannot distinguish what the customer\u2019s need from what the customer\u2019s want in the requirements specification than they will not be successful. A \u201cNeed\u201d is something customer must have in order for them to use the software. A \u201cWant\u201d is something nice to have when the project have time to do it. Without talking to customers and users to verify requirements and set priority, managers cannot plan the project correctly. The common mistake many project managers make is to accept the requirements specification as it is written without verification and that is why many projects failed.<\/p>\n

When given a software project to manage, many project managers cannot identify all activities that they must do because they do not have knowledge about software processes. Many do not know how to organize project activities in particular order or which tasks should be done first; which tasks can be done concurrently and which can be done in sequence. Without software experience, they cannot estimate project costs and schedules correctly so the common mistake that many project managers make is to managing projects based on the given schedule and costs without validation and negotiation.<\/p>\n

When given a software project to manage, many project managers do not know how to identify risks. Many projects failed because something unexpected happens as project managers cannot predict what might go wrong and prevent it from happening. Software requirements are always changing as customers change their minds but most project managers do not know how to deal with changes. They do not know how to develop a change management system. Since they cannot control changes, they allow changes to control them and that is why many projects failed.<\/p>\n

Many project managers do not know how to identify the skills needed for the project team. They would take any available person just to fill their open positions as they are in a hurry to manage people. Without experience they cannot get the team members to commit to deliver the project on time and within costs. Many fail to communicate effective with the team and motivate them throughout the project. Most do not know how to identify additional skill training to provide to members before the project start. They often assume that people know how to do their job and things will go well throughout the project. Without knowledge and skills, many members may get frustrated or even quit and that is why many projects failed.<\/p>\n

Many project managers do not know how to develop a monitoring system to show progress. They could not set up the type of control that is appropriate for the project. They cannot control project-spending to keep it within costs or monitor planned activity to what happened (Planned versus Actual) and take corrective action appropriately. Many project managers cannot ensure the quality of the project by conduct reviews prior to implementation and take preventive actions. Without experience, many managers cannot finish the project completely but let its stay on and never finish. They do not know about project closure and ensure that all of the lessons learn from the project is shared among team members.<\/p>\n

Basically project management must be taught early in school where students learn all the principles and practice in Capstone projects where they learn how to apply what they know into real practice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd. CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4088"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4090,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4088\/revisions\/4090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}