{"id":4085,"date":"2014-02-25T13:20:45","date_gmt":"2014-02-25T06:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4085"},"modified":"2014-02-25T13:20:45","modified_gmt":"2014-02-25T06:20:45","slug":"xu-huong-khoan-trong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4085","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n trong"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 2010 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “kho\u00e1n trong” v\u00e0 2014 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c “kho\u00e1n trong” s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o M\u0129 \u0111ang \u0111em s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129 m\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1eeb t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t cho t\u1edbi xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t M\u0129 trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n hai th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ea5p x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n t\u1edbi n\u0103m l\u1ea7n cao h\u01a1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf qua \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i chi ph\u00ed \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean do gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 M\u0129 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t “k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7” \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn l\u00e1i cho kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u01a1i M\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Apple \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Mac Pro \u1edf Austin, Texas v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u1edf Arizona, Nevada v\u00e0 Oregon cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Wal-Mart \u0111ang b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, gi\u1ea7y d\u00e9p v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i M\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u00f4i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, n\u0103m l\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00ec d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c robt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cHai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i “t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi” kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi \u1edf bang kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e2y c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u1edbi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m xong r\u1ed3i cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111em m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, Detroit \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecf hoang, nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao. Nh\u01b0ng North Carolina, Tennessee v\u00e0 Alabama l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng xe h\u01a1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 Ford, GM, VW, Toyota, Honda, Mazda, v\u00e0 Nissan v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn robots l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng xe h\u01a1i cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn k\u0129 s\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 robots, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m nay, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Cho d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xe v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u0169 l\u00e0m xe h\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u0169. Xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u0129 b\u1edfi robots v\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ki\u1ec3m kho\u00e1n trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n hay s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ph\u1ed1 Wall tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng M\u0129 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh. Kh\u00f4ng may c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0o ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Fiat, Peugeot b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang m\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng xe h\u01a1i t\u1ea1i M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1 ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “kho\u00e1n trong”. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd gi\u1eef ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111ang sao ch\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a M\u0129 t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf nh\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The insourcing Trends<\/p>\n

According to an industry report, 2010 was the beginning of the \u201cinsourcing\u201d trend and 2014 will be the time where many \u201cinsourcing\u201d will be complete. Today most U.S. manufacturers are bringing their production from oversea back to the U.S. where automation processes are fully complete. From refrigerators, washing machines to cars and electronics equipments that were outsourced in 1990s are now returning to U.S soil in modern manufacturing factories which employ fewer workers than two decades ago but produce more as all of these companies are expected higher profits in years to come.<\/p>\n

A senior manager told the newspapers: \u201cAlthough wages for our production workers are approximately four to five times higher than in Asia. But our productivity is seven time better due to automation as our factories are operating 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Our company will save a lot of money on transportation because the products will not have to be shipped across the ocean where the cost is rising due to higher oil prices.\u201d<\/p>\n

Twenty years ago, manufacturing jobs were outsourced to lower cost countries and the U.S. lost many jobs. Now the trend is reversed with automation assembly lines, robots and computing control machineries which produce higher quality products at lower cost. A new \u201ctechnological driven manufacturing era\u201d is emerging that will drive the global economy to a new direction never seen before where the U.S will assume the leadership. For example, Apple has been depending on factories in China for most of its devices but now it is making Mac Pro computers in Austin, Texas and invested heavily into new factories in Arizona, Nevada and Oregon for possible future products. The giant retail store Wal-Mart are selling furniture, clothes, shoes and even light bulbs made in the U.S and stop its import of these items. The automobile industry has many new factories that can produce more than a million cars a year, five times more than twenty years ago but cost less due to automation assembly lines with sophisticated robots. An owner explained his strategy: \u201cTwenty years ago, we knew that we could not transformed our old factories in the same place so we \u201ctemporary\u201d outsourced everything, laid off workers and began everything new in another states. We moved old machines and equipments to other countries so we can continue to build products when we build new factories with new equipments and new machines. Now it is done so we are bringing everything back, hires new workers and starts a new chapter of our company.\u201d<\/p>\n

At the beginning of the 20th century, Detroit was the capital of car manufacturing and the symbol of the industrial age where hundred car factories and several hundred thousand factory workers. Today it is a dying town with abandoned factories, empty assembly lines and high unemployment. But North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama are the new capitals with many brand new car factories with names like Ford, GM, VW, Toyota, Honda, Mazda, and Nissan etc. All of them have modern automation assembly lines with thousands of robots working to build cars for the entire world. These factories are operated by only few thousand engineers who control the automation lines and robots, a very different image from decades ago when factories are full of labor workers. These new factories are major concern for China who enjoys the manufacturing outsourcing works for the past twenty years. When these companies close factories in China this year, hundred thousand labor workers will lose jobs. Even China can build cars since they already have the factories, equipments, and the old way of building cars but they will have to deal with pollution issue from old manufacturing process. Their cars will not be able to compete in both prices and quality with cars build in the U.S by its robots and automate assembly lines.<\/p>\n

Automobile is only one example of hundred different types of manufacturing insourcing that developing countries are facing or will be facing soon. The new U.S. factories with automated production lines have boost production outputs to an amazing pace. A Wall Street analyst declared that the U.S. is now entering a new era of technology driven manufacturing prosperity that will allows it to remain on top. Unfortunately European countries who failed to modernize its factories and refused to outsource to maintain their employment are now are facing issues with old factories, low productivity and poor quality that put many companies into bankruptcy. Big car giants such as Fiat, Peugeot are now struggled with huge losses every year and the entire European Union is facing economic depression and high unemployment. This also serve as a warning signal to growing economies such as Japan, Taiwan, S. Korea who also rely on their old manufacturing factories as the foundation for their economic prosperity that is why many Japanese and S. Korea companies are opening car factories to the U.S to take advantage of the technology and special incentives.<\/p>\n

Developing Asian countries that have been enjoyed the benefits of manufacturing outsourcing for many years are now begin to worry about the \u201cinsourcing\u201d phenomenon. If it happens their vulnerable economies could collapse as no economy can be sustain if they keep depend on foreigners to provide works instead of invest in their own strengths. Today Japan, S. Korea and Taiwan are copying the U.S model of transformation from the industrial driven economy to technological driven economy and begin to move their factories to other low cost countries during the time they modernized their factories at home. What will happen next? I think most of you can guess.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 2010 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “kho\u00e1n trong” v\u00e0 2014 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c “kho\u00e1n trong” … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4085"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4087,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4085\/revisions\/4087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}