{"id":4078,"date":"2014-02-23T18:07:55","date_gmt":"2014-02-23T11:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4078"},"modified":"2014-03-16T16:47:41","modified_gmt":"2014-03-16T09:47:41","slug":"thoi-dai-thong-tin-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4078","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn mong \u0111\u1ee3i th\u00eam n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n tin \u0111\u1ec3 mang tin t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c; th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0; v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n qua d\u00e2y; v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau; v\u1edbi fax, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed; v\u1edbi emails m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat; v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 “nh\u1eafn tin” hay \u201cTweet\u201d l\u1eabn nhau d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u01a1n tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u201cYouTube\u201d. N\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u1edf Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn qua lu\u1ed3ng video; m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao \u1edf Brazil, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3 qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin thay th\u1ebf cho Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf cho Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin d\u1eabn l\u00e1i cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Khi n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho IBM, DEC v\u00e0 Data General l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong ga ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 Steve Jobs cho v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 vui ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Apple, Microsoft th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1t minh ra Internet trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i ra trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho Yahoo, AOL, v\u00e0 Google chi ph\u1ed1i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tin; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng tri truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft app di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Internet, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 Google v\u00e0 Bing, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean internet. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem phim, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n hay \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh doanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc. V\u00ec th\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kinh doanh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o. D\u00f9ng e-mail cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. Internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Internet c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. D\u00f9ng Google c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi b\u1ea1n g\u00f5 t\u1eeb “Banking” v\u00e0o trong Google, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Google l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd t\u00ecm. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho Google \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eadt ra cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c “l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng ra” h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e1y bay tin h\u1ecdc ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u00e9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ed l\u1eef h\u00e0nh b\u00e1n v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay. V\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ed l\u1eef h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y 5% ti\u1ec1n hoa h\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7, h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ed l\u1eef h\u00e0nh. V\u00ec d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, tr\u00ean 90% c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ed l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ATM) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 10% c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y n\u01a1i c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u01a1n xo\u00e1y l\u1ed1c m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 b\u1ecb tan t\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00e0y nay n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 g\u00ec. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u00ean hay gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Information Age<\/p>\n

For the past twenty years, people have seen a significant change in the way they communicate based on the devices they use, and they still expect more. If we look back at few hundred years, societies have messengers to carry messages from one place to another; then we have the post office where people can send letters; with the telegraph, people can send messages using wire transfer; with telephone we can call and talk to each other directly; with fax, people can send letter or document electronically; with emails people can send messages in matter of minutes; and now we can \u201cText\u201d or \u201cTweet\u201d each other using smartphones in few seconds. All of these things are due to the advance of information technology and that is why our time is called \u201cInformation Age.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today we can communicate in a broader way and with more choice depending on the technologies that we use and it creates a transformation in how we develop and distribute information. At the same time, the amount of information available to us is growing in both volume and velocity. We have reaching a stage where the information is happening almost instantly. For example, whatever happens in the world, within few minutes you can watch it on \u201cYouTube\u201d. A volcano erupts in South Pacific, you can see it immediately online via video streaming; a sport event happens in Brazil, you can watch it via your smartphone wherever you are. Today people expect more and want more which create new demands for more advanced information technology.<\/p>\n

Today people are seeing the fastest transformations in human history. The Information Age replaces the Industrial Age, which replaced the Agricultural age. It took more than three hundred years to transition from the Agriculture Age to the Industrial Age but it only took about fifty years to transition from the Industrial Age to the Information Age where information technology drives almost everything. As it changes, it creates more opportunities to whoever can seize them. For example, a computer created in research laboratory for scientists to calculate mathematic had become the mainframe computers in the 1960s and opened opportunities for IBM, DEC and Data General to be giants in computer industry. A small computer created in garage of Steve Jobs\u2019 parents for a few friends to build things for fun had become the personal computer in the 1980s that automated office works and made Apple, Microsoft the dominant forces in the industry. The invention of Internet in the 1990s to connect computers between universities had become the biggest communication outlet for Yahoo, AOL, and Google to dominate the information industry; and today we are seeing the integration of computer and telecommunication into smartphones and tablets that are opening opportunities to telecommunication companies, TV cable companies, and millions of entrepreneurs who write mobile apps.<\/p>\n

With the Internet, people can buy anything online from anywhere and have it delivered to their home in a few days. With search engines like Google and Bing, people can find almost everything on the internet. People can watch movies, read books, exchange things, even trade stocks or gamble online. With information technology the business world has also evolved significantly. As information travels faster, the world seems getting smaller and impact the way companies do business. Managers can monitor company\u2019s operation using information system\u2019s business intelligence application at any time. Using e-mail allows businesses to communicate and send information quickly to anywhere in the world within minutes. Internet, smartphones and tablets have made it easy for people to work from anywhere without have to go to the office. The Internet also changes advertising and marketing for ever. Using Google a companies can specify the keywords that will lead customers to their advertising. For example, when you type the word “Banking” into Google, there may be a list of bank advertising appears on your computer screen. That is how Google making money by sponsors advertising to users based on what they are looking for. Any company can pay Google to have its ads show up for people who search for specific words.<\/p>\n

Today many companies are using technology to gain advantages and to expand to new markets. Whoever can speed up production, create more products and sell more will capture the market and get higher profits. Of course to do that, companies must change their organization structure and business processes by \u201cflat out\u201d the hierarchy, reduce levels of management and increase automation to gain efficiency. For example, airlines are now using a computerized flight booking system where customers can buy ticket directly and eliminate travel agents who sell plane tickets. Traditionally, travel agents made 5% commission on the ticket price but by automate the travel booking system, airlines are now make more money since they do not have to pay travel agents. Since the use of online flight booking systems, over 90% of travel agency companies have filed for bankruptcy. The same thing is happening with most banks that use automated teller machines (ATM) and reduce the number of tellers to increase profits. Today the number of bank tellers in commercial banks has been reduced to less than 10% of what it was twenty years ago. But as some workers are suffering other workers who are working on technology enjoy higher salaries and better positions because their skills are needed.<\/p>\n

Information technology has allowed businesses to operate productively and effectively, but it also creates more complexity on how the work is done and that is why businesses need technology skilled people. In this global economy where competition has pushed all businesses into a whirlwind where old businesses are shattered and destroyed and new businesses are created and thrive. Today the foundation of all new business must be based on technology to stay competitive and every business must consider what skills they need versus what they have. They must identify all the skills they need to execute their business strategy, and then try to find way to accelerate business performance to grow and capture the market before others. As demand for their products and services go up and down with changing market demands, managers must make decision quickly by having the most updated information, and knowing how the market changes and how their competitors react. The only way to do it is using information technology such as Business intelligence systems and big data analytics. Company leaders must challenge their thinking by constantly asking how things could be done simpler, faster and more efficiently. Keeping an organization flexible enough to allow for rapid change of direction in the face of changing market demands is the only way to cope with certain uncertainty. All of these require new thinking, new training, new knowledge and skills and whoever possesses these will thrive in this Information Age.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4078"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4080,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4078\/revisions\/4080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}