{"id":4071,"date":"2014-02-21T21:48:59","date_gmt":"2014-02-21T14:48:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4071"},"modified":"2014-02-21T21:48:59","modified_gmt":"2014-02-21T14:48:59","slug":"ki-nghe-phan-mem-ngay-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4071","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y nay"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2013, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 “b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t” v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edf ra. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed do cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ba t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edf ra. Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cao t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c pha s\u1edbm cho t\u1edbi pha b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh trong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft: \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y nay v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong nh\u00e0, xe, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang theo \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng trong t\u00fai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Internet, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t, b\u1ebfp l\u00f2, ti vi, m\u00e1y nghe nh\u1ea1c v.v t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.”<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea9y trong m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m 2013 l\u00e0 trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea1nh tranh trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 2013, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ed1 10 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. Ti\u1ebfp sau c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. C\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m cho c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020, \u0111i\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi ghi danh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u0129 trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u0129 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi chung trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: \u201cK\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cho k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y nay?” M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Java, Python, PHP, HTML5 v\u00e0 Ruby on Rails l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 “kho\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn” v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5y. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 th\u00eam n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang t\u00ecm thu\u00ea c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u00e0o trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn n\u00f3i: “Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t app \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t API ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 coi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i: “Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. K\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robotics l\u00e0 hai mi\u1ec1n then ch\u1ed1t trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 qui tr\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh qui tr\u00ecnh do ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec1u cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u1eefa m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Google, Facebook, Amazon hay Microsoft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y mong \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 r\u1ed3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Engineering today<\/p>\n

According to a 2013 industry report, today Software Engineering is the \u201cHottest degree\u201d with the highest demand but does not have enough people to fill all opening positions. The report stated that the reason for the shortage is the lack of students studying software engineering. Today for every software engineer that universities educate there are probably three to five positions opening. Demand is so high that software companies do not wait for students to graduate but make offers to them six months before graduation date.<\/p>\n

Today most universities are still offering Computer Science training not Software Engineering. Computer Science involves in the theories and programming aspects such as the transfer and manipulation of data using programming languages. The focus of Computer Science training is in the application of mathematics and algorithms using programming languages. Computer science graduates are trained intensively in programming and algorithms development.<\/p>\n

Software Engineering is concerned with all aspects of software production from the early phases through to the maintenance phase of the software. The focus of Software Engineering training is in the practical approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. Software engineering graduates are very serious in their responsibility for quality, correctness, and performance of their efforts.<\/p>\n

As the growth of technology in business drives more demand for skilled workers, companies prefer to hire software engineering over computer science graduates since their skills are broader. An industry analyst wrote: \u201cNo matter what industry software engineering graduates are working in, there has never been an exciting time than today because everything in the house, cars, offices, and public areas is now controlled by software. People carry smartphones, tablets in their pockets and use it everywhere. A third of homes in the U.S. are connected by broadband to the Internet, many household items such as thermostat, washing machines, kitchens, TV, music players etc. are all controlled by software. With demand for more software comes high demand for software engineers.”<\/p>\n

According to a report by the National Association of Colleges, seven of the ten highest paid degrees in 2013 are in engineering and software engineering has the highest salary. A business analyst wrote: \u201cThis is not surprising since there is a great deal of competition among companies for software engineering graduates. For the past ten years, petroleum engineering is the highest-paid degree but beginning in 2013, demand has changed and software engineering is now the highest-paid degree among all field of study. Other engineering degrees among the top 10 are chemical engineering, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, electronics engineering and telecommunications engineering. Next to these engineering degrees are computer science, information systems management and logistics management. The U.S. Department of Labor\u2019s Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a 30 percent growth rate for software engineering jobs through 2020, which is much higher than the growth rate for all other occupations. With enrollments in U.S. programs in software and other engineering fields only increasing slightly, U.S. schools will not be able to keep pace with industry demand and that is why the industry is pressuring U.S congress to change immigration laws to allow more college educated engineers to come and work in the U.S.<\/p>\n

A common question among college students is: \u201cWhat skills are in demand for today’s software engineers? Some people believe programming languages such as Java, Python, PHP, HTML5 and Ruby on Rails are hot but the fact is programming languages have a \u201cshort lifespan\u201d as technology changes quickly. This is why Computer Science graduates who often known as very good in programming are not in favor by top companies because languages do not matter that much. When technology changes, demand changes, language also changes and there may not be a need for particular programming skill anymore. That is why many companies are looking to hire software engineers because they are more balanced, have a comprehensive knowledge, and their training requires them to ready to learn new things.<\/p>\n

This change has reflected in the test that technology companies are asking their applicants to complete during the job interviews. An executive of big software company said: “Today most college educated graduates can write code, so it is no longer a critical factor. What we need are critical thinkers, graduates who can understand real-world business problem and be able to solve that problem. For example, we ask applicants to take a specification that requires them to write a fully functioning app that interfaces with an external API. It is a good way for us to measure their problem-solving capabilities and whether they’re a critical and analytical thinker.”<\/p>\n

Technology companies consider the top hiring factor is the ability to solve problem and the second factor is the ability to communicate. A senior manager said: “Software is a communication problem, NOT a programming problem. That is why we only hire software engineers because their training includes soft-skills such as leadership, teamwork, negotiations and communication. Software engineers always work in team where many computer science students write code in isolation. Teamwork is a key element of software engineering program. Every team member must talk to each other and collaborate on projects in order to achieve the common goal. Good communication skills help teams to identify obstacles and work together to overcome them. Perhaps the most important is the ability for a software engineer to understand customer\u2019s business processes and needs and this skill is not taught in computer science program.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today automation and robotics are two key areas in the manufacturing sector and they need more software engineers. A software engineer can take what exists as a human process, where a human is making decisions and automate it by organize it into a process control by software. The software engineering program also focuses on several domain areas from business to industry which give students a broader scope since many will write software applications in these areas. The software engineering program taught them about development life cycle, version control, unit testing and how to produce systems that are scalable and high performance which are how things are done in the real world.<\/p>\n

Today software engineering companies do not rely on degree anymore but require an exam to demonstrate technical and problem-solving skills. A manager explains: \u201cSince every graduate wants to work at Google, Facebook, Amazon or Microsoft and their tests are really difficult to select only the best. In this case, software engineering graduates have better chance since they are trained in solving problems and working in team. Programming is a small part of the test as these companies expect that applicants who graduate from college can write code.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2013, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 “b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t” v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4071"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4073,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4071\/revisions\/4073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}