{"id":4051,"date":"2014-02-14T08:02:02","date_gmt":"2014-02-14T01:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4051"},"modified":"2014-02-14T08:02:02","modified_gmt":"2014-02-14T01:02:02","slug":"giao-duc-stem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4051","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u xa hoa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM, v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qua ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169” nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ghi nh\u1edb thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p cao qu\u00ed” hay “l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cao” nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 sinh ra ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 10% t\u1edbi 20% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 “thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p” v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “thu nh\u1eadp cao” hay chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2010 t\u1edbi 2020 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 40 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba 125 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng may, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang d\u1eabn l\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o STEM v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i tu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o STEM c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1i STEM nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y STEM nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ea7y STEM gi\u1ecfi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o STEM.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o STEM ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, sinh vi\u00ean ghi danh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp STEM ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp STEM ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i hay g\u1ea5p ba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 huynh n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong k\u0129 n\u0103ng STEM. M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u 40 tri\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc STEM, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

STEM education<\/p>\n

Although college is NOT for everybody, some may be better to go to vocational schools, but in this Information Age, a college education is no longer a luxury but a necessity, especially in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). Today a college education is essential to the well-being of a society. The global economy demands that workers must have certain knowledge and skills if they want to have a decent standard of living. The job market also requires workers to have both technical knowledge and the ability to adapt to a fast-changing technology. It means having technical skills is only the first step but workers must also have the lifelong learning attitude to keep up with market demands.<\/p>\n

However in developing countries, the access to good education, especially in STEM fields, is still limited. Many education systems are too slow to change. Although everyone agrees that a practical education is important but students are still being taught the \u201cold method\u201d that emphasize memorization rather than develop skills to solve problems. Students must know a lot of theories to pass exams, but few know how to apply their knowledge in real works. For years, the academia people have debated on the goals of education with no conclusion. Education can be a \u201cnoble cause\u201d or a \u201chigh ideal\u201d but it must be practical. My view on the goals of education is to develop the knowledge and skills for people so they can be productive members of the society and generates innovations to stimulate economic growth to support the advancement of a society.<\/p>\n

A recent global study reported that only 10% to 20% of college graduates in developing countries have the knowledge and skills that are \u201cemployable\u201d by international standards. It means the way these countries develop their human capital is very inefficient. Without proper action, their people will remain in a \u201clow income\u201d level and cannot move up to \u201chigh income\u201d status or the standard of living of developed countries. The study stated that between the year 2010 to 2020 the world will be facing a shortage of 40 million high-skilled workers but at the same time has a surplus of 125 million low-skilled labor workers who will mostly be unemployed and live in poverty. Unfortunately, many developing countries do not have plans to improve STEM education. As a result, their students are not being prepared to compete for jobs in areas that are driving the global economy.<\/p>\n

Although there are few schools in those countries that have adopted STEM training and new teaching methods but they are still a small scale implementation rather than a complete overhaul of the education system. It is difficult to track their effective training and contributing to their societies. However if these schools can share their STEM training programs as well as method of teaching with others via some sort of collaboration, things will improve. But training program and teaching method are only the first step, to facilitate more STEM trainings, countries must start with teachers and ensure that they have the best teachers. It is the teachers that make the difference. Therefore the training of teacher should be considered a high priority and encouraged by paying STEM teachers more than others. Good STEM teachers require specialized training and their skills are in high demand. In this globalized world, no country can develop a stable and prosperous economy, if they ignore the fact that technology is the key driver and nothing can be achieved, if there is no budget to develop STEM teachers.<\/p>\n

To develop the next generation of skilled workers for the country, STEM training must start early, from elementary to high school and university. Especially at the university level, student enrollments in STEM classes must be encouraged and the number of STEM classes must be double or triple to meet global demand. Every parent should demand that their children are educated in STEM skills. Every student should know that there is a worldwide shortage of 40 million positions in STEM areas and if they study STEM, they can build excellent career and contribute to their society and support their country\u2019s economic growth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4051"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4053,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4051\/revisions\/4053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}