{"id":4037,"date":"2014-02-10T08:38:17","date_gmt":"2014-02-10T01:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4037"},"modified":"2014-02-10T08:38:17","modified_gmt":"2014-02-10T01:38:17","slug":"nen-kinh-te-tri-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4037","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin\u201d n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p”, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u00eap cao v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robots \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cN\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m g\u1ea5p hai g\u1ea5p ba nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc. Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n cho s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u00e2u t\u00f3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong khi vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01a1n \u0111ang t\u1ee5t nhanh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf vi\u1ebft: \u201cS\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng v\u00ec trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0y nay kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u01a1n v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, v\u00e0 Tokyo \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1eadp tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trong ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh. Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong ch\u00fang s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 30% ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 12% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. H\u1ecd n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng STEM. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 STEM. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111em t\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn trong STEM ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng trong khi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The knowledge economy<\/p>\n

As the \u201cInformation Age\u201d emerges and replaces the \u201cIndustrial Age\u201d, it creates a major problem: High unemployment labor workforce as automation and robots have reduced the number of labor jobs to a minimum. A well-known economist complained: \u201cThe new knowledge economy rewards people with college education and punishes people without it. Overall, people with college degrees make two to three times more than people without a college education. It makes the gap between the rich and the poor not just larger but also deeper. Without proper trainings and education, lesser educated people will never have a chance to escape poverty.\u201d<\/p>\n

Information technology increases productivity, efficiency and profits but at the same time reduce the use of labor workers resulting in a big gap between knowledge workers who are college educate and labor workers who only have a high school education. For the past thirty years, technology have created more jobs and prosperity for a few highly educated people but put a lot of lesser educated people out of work. Economists all over the world are worried that the knowledge economy driven by technologies could allow highly educated people, especially people with technology skills, to capture more of the world\u2019s wealth while the share going to lesser educated people is fallen fast which could lead to more extreme poverty and economic problems ahead to many countries. One economist wrote: \u201cThe stability of traditional economic systems such as product markets, company structures, and business relationships have been completely shattered by the fast rate of technological change. It will bring down many established companies because in this knowledge economy innovation and access to knowledge and skills are more important than assets and capital which are the foundation of the industrial age. Since technology is the driver of all innovations, who have the best technology will gain competitive advantages and who do not have will suffer the consequence. Today business is no longer be restricted within a boundary of a country or city but the ability to tap into the global networks. Therefore, the most successful cities and countries will be those that are best at linking their businesses to the global economy. For example, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and Tokyo have enjoyed significant economic transformation because of this capability.\u201d<\/p>\n

With the knowledge economy, there is a growing need for workers who can function with new set of knowledge and skills rather than low-skilled labor workers who can only function with routine knowledge. Countries that cannot produce enough knowledge workers will not be able to compete and may fall backward into poverty. Since the prosperity of the economy is depending on the innovations of technology, the training and education in technology must be encouraged and given top priority. With proper actions, developing countries can take advantages of this opportunities to prosper and move up to a stable economy and be able to compete. According to several studies, global economy will create over fifty million new jobs in the next five years but most of them will require workers with at least a Bachelor\u2019s degree in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). Today less than 30% of people in developing countries have college education and only 12% of them have trainings in STEM areas since their economies are still depending on labor works instead of technical works.<\/p>\n

Today college students must have knowledge about the Information age and what is happening in the knowledge economy so they can prepare. They should know that their future careers require STEM skills. By preparing, students should get more science, technology, engineering and math trainings to pursue a STEM career. This also means that the education system must have more math and science teachers to provide the needed trainings. Every students must be prepared for their careers earlier and career planning should be a required course in high school education.<\/p>\n

As the world is changing rapidly, innovations will continue to bring prosperity to some countries and the big gap in STEM means that jobs in some countries will continue to be vacant while millions of people in other countries will struggle to earn a living. To avoid this situation, developing countries must start with more teacher training because education improvement always begin with the teachers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin\u201d n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf “Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p”, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh: L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4037"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4037\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4039,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4037\/revisions\/4039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}