{"id":4034,"date":"2014-02-09T12:43:26","date_gmt":"2014-02-09T05:43:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4034"},"modified":"2014-02-09T12:43:26","modified_gmt":"2014-02-09T05:43:26","slug":"lap-ke-hoach-cho-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4034","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm s\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sang n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng em v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. Em \u0111ang ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) nh\u01b0ng em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u em c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y? L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho em c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac em t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o trong ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc v\u00ec KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m m\u00f4n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong khi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ghi danh trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG BAO GI\u1edc n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi th\u0103m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea1n v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddu \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm. C\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi th\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u00fd hay v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tham gia chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn trung th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi b\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecfi xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i d\u1ef1 v\u00e0i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1 chung chung” n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u201cTrung b\u00ecnh\u201d hay \u201cChung chung \u201d nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Nh\u1edb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung b\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i KH\u00d4NG BAO GI\u1edc l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00ed do nh\u01b0 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i hay b\u1ea1n trai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ch\u1ecdn hai hay ba \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. Khi l\u00e0m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00f3 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u CNTT l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong CNTT l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CS) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 logic th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang cho b\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a CS v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 cho gi\u1ecfi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong CS th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e3 nh\u00fang v.v. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c CNTT, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c trong CNTT.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SE) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eeb pha quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi pha b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, hay to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc trong SE ch\u1eddm l\u1ea5p l\u00ean CS nh\u01b0ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sang khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chi ti\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong SE th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, sau khi h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 CNTT v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ISM th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n CS v\u00e0 SE v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i, t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v.v. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong ISM th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean thu mua CNTT.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc CS, SE hay ISM, ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Planning for the future<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cI will go to college next year but I am still not sure what field to study. I am thinking about information Technology (IT) but I do not know whether I should select computer science, or software engineering, or information system management. What is the best among those? Which one would help me to get good job by the time I graduate? Please advise.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Information technology is an excellent choice and any one of the three fields can help you to build a good career for your future. Today most companies are looking for graduates with a Bachelor\u2019s degree in an Information Technology (IT) for their entry level positions. However the important thing is to select the right school to attend because NOT all universities are the same and NOT all training programs are equal. Each university has its own training programs and they vary as some are better than others. For example, one university may have fifteen computer courses while other only offers ten. Some training only focus on coding and testing while others have more engineering and design classes. Selecting the right university is the first step to obtain the knowledge and skills to build your career. Attending university that fit your education goals and personality will increase the chance that you will have a better future. To find a match, you need to do your own investigation by reviewing and comparing training programs among several universities to make sure that the one you select will meet your education goals. You need to talk to students who are studying in the field of study that you want to enroll in each university to find out more about the training program. You may check on the number of graduates who have jobs in the field that they study because it is a good indicator about the quality of the training programs. It is your future so you must do the investigation by visit each school, and talk to people before making decision.<\/p>\n

You should NEVER decide on a school without visiting at least several schools regardless how well you think about a particular school. A university may not be best for you because of the name. Although many people equate quality with name of the school but it may not be necessary as many well-known schools may not have what you are looking for. Having a few family members to go with you during the visit is a good idea because you have several opinions as well as having someone to discuss with. The best way to visit a university is just come and talk to students. You do not have to take the school\u2019s organized visiting tour because you may only get favorable information about the school. Students will share with you their honest view about the school and the training program. Only after you gather all information then you could come and talk to the school counselors and administrators. You cannot ask any question if you do not have any basis to ask. If possible, ask for permission to sit in a few classes to see how students learn and how the class is taught before making decision.<\/p>\n

Contrary to the past where universities must have everything, today universities are thought to be \u201cToo general\u201d if they offer many fields of study without any focus. A recent study by the American Council of College rates schools that have many fields of study as \u201cAverage\u201d or \u201cGeneric\u201d as contrast with schools that have a fewer fields of study but focus on some areas of excellent. Remember it is the quality NOT quantities that determine top schools from average schools. You must investigate carefully and be sure to have enough information to make decision. You should NEVER make decision based on reason such as because your best friends are going there. Choosing a school because your girlfriend or boyfriend is going is often a worse reason to build your future on. If you have difficulty among two or three universities than it is an indication that you have done a good job researching. When making your final choice, discuss it with your family as they can help you.<\/p>\n

Although IT is a good choice but each field in IT has specific aspect that you need to consider to make sure that it fits you goals and personality. Computer Science (CS) is a field of study that focuses more on theories and programming aspect. If you like mathematics and logic than this is the right field for you. Many students often struggle in the first few year of CS because it requires a lot of coding as the more you code, the better you will get. Just like learning to play a music instrument, you must practice a lot to be good at. Graduates in CS usually work as software testers, software developers, web developers, and embedded code developers etc. Although this field is the most popular among IT areas but if you do not like programming, you may consider other fields in IT.<\/p>\n

Software Engineering (SE) is a field of study that focuses on the software process, from the conceptual phase to the maintenance phase, or the entire lifecycle of the software. Although there are many courses in SE that overlap with CS but this field broaden your knowledge to new practical areas such as requirements engineering, business analysis where you must work with customers to know their needs. You learn about how to architect and design a software system in details. You also learn how to measure and analyze both software product and process. Most software engineering programs also require a Capstone project given by external customers. Graduates in SE often work as software developers, software analysts; software architect, software designers, and software project managers.<\/p>\n

Information System Management (ISM) is a field of study that combines technical with business aspect. In this program, after learning the basic of IT and some programming, students are focusing more on the managing than technical. ISM program usually has less math and programming than CS and SE as it focuses more on application of technology to solve problem in business. As IT is being used in many businesses, graduates of this field often work with business managers to develop strategy, plans to ensure IT can improve business operation by reduce wastes, increase profits etc. Graduates in ISM often works as project manager, service coordinator, database administrator, network administrator, and IT acquisition specialist.<\/p>\n

Regardless of your choice whether you select CS, SE or ISM, they all good choice that can help you to build a career that last for a long time. Good luck!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm s\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sang n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng em v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. Em \u0111ang ngh\u0129 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4034"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4036,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4034\/revisions\/4036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}