{"id":4023,"date":"2014-02-06T12:26:41","date_gmt":"2014-02-06T05:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4023"},"modified":"2014-02-06T12:26:41","modified_gmt":"2014-02-06T05:26:41","slug":"giao-duc-va-viec-lam-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=4023","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 hi v\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o: “Anh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.\u201d; \u201cAnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng\u201d; \u201cAnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u201cAnh qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.\u201d Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf \u0111i ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n “m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9” trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00edt v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong suy tho\u00e1i v\u1eeba qua v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u0103m h\u1edf t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cPh\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 cho vay. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n xin vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong kinh doanh, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hay ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1ea9y n\u0103m h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.\u201d Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00fat n\u00e0o; n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i n\u0103m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang trong ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cL\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a sinh v\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o v\u00e0i “l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00f3ng” th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c? N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua ch\u00fang v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecd l\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba hay th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd thu l\u1ea5y kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed “th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t” cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. Sau khi th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp k\u1ebft th\u00fac, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Qu\u00e3ng 45% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau khi th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i ra cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang b\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 50 sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 can thi\u1ec7p. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng trong khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, Italy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cao.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 hai trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ebft trung h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00ean t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 thu\u00ea h\u1ecd. N\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n, con s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ct\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh\u201d. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “th\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng” v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Education and Jobs<\/p>\n

Today all over the world, there are high number of unemployed college graduates. This is a devastating situation for million young and full of hope college graduates. Some of them blame the global economy while others insist that the financial crisis is the cause but according to the industry report, the main cause is the inefficiency of the current education systems that could not change fast enough to meet the needs of the job market. Unemployed college graduates are often told: “You are not qualified.\u201d; \u201cYou do not have the skills\u201d; \u201cYou do not have the experience.\u201d and even \u201cYou are over qualified.\u201d In the past, companies used to train college graduates and help them learn the skills they needed on the job, but today most companies stop provide training because it is an expense and after training, many often left for better jobs in another company.<\/p>\n

The job market is always dictated by the law of supply and demand. Today not only supply has exceed demand but also the quality of training is being questioned. Many companies complain that current graduates do not have the skills that they need. A company owner told newspapers: \u201cWe cannot hire new graduates, they may learn a lot of theories but do not have any practical abilities. The current supply and demand are completely \u201cout of synch\u201d in this competitive market. Colleges should change their education models and focus on few areas that are practical than offer many fields that are useless. Students must understand the unemployment issues when enter college and select the right schools with the right trainings and the right field of study; else they will be unemployed for a long time.\u201d<\/p>\n

The situation is getting worst when college graduates have to compete with more experienced workers for a few positions. Millions of people lost their jobs during the past recession and they are aggressively looking for jobs. A bank executive told the newspapers: \u201cIt takes several months or even years to gain enough experience to work in finance and loans. For every job opening in these areas, we receive hundred applications from people with many years of experience so there is no reason to hire college graduates in business, finance or banking since we have to train them. It probably takes five to seven more years before we would hiring graduates since there are many experienced candidates available.\u201d Currently college graduates are forced to accept positions that paid much less than their qualification. Many people with college degrees are working on jobs that do not require a college education at all; if the situation does not change they will get stuck to those jobs for the rest of their lives because each year there will be new college graduates with better skills and knowledge. If the employment market is bad for college graduates, less educated people will face much more difficulty in finding employment.<\/p>\n

According to several studies, most college students do not receive proper guidance in choosing their field of study. Most schools stay neutral and allow students to make decision on their own. A school counselor explained: \u201cAs college students, they should know what they want; we cannot tell them what to do.\u201d Others provide guidance but often lead students toward their direction rather than helping students to be informed. A counselor admitted: \u201cWe cannot advise them to focus on a few \u201chot fields of study\u201d then what are we going to do with other fields? If every student wants to study computer science than we do not have enough classroom and teachers to teach and what are we going to do with professors who teach literature or history? We have to balance everything to fill our classrooms.\u201d Even with good advices, many college students often ignore them as they want to enjoy their lives in college first. Many believe that they are adults and can do anything that they want. Only when they get to the third or fourth year then they begin to think about their future but it is too late.<\/p>\n

Currently governments are trying to solve this unemployment problem by develop plans that give graduates some trainings to gain work experience. They convince companies to provide \u201cspecial internship\u201d positions for graduates for about six months. During that time, the government will pay a small salary every month so graduates can learn the needed skills. After the internship ends, the company may offer jobs to outstanding interns. This plan is very popular in Germany, Denmark, Japan, S. Korea, and China. About 45% of graduates do have jobs after the internship and companies also benefit from having skilled workers as the training is paid for by government. However, this plan only work for graduates who study in the fields that company need as they get exposure to real works and gain experience. It does not work with students who study certain fields that cannot be applied in the industry.<\/p>\n

To solve the bigger unemployment problem, some governments are actively restricting universities from offering certain fields of study that they deemed inappropriate for employment. For example state universities cannot have more than 50 students in certain field of study each year. This plan works well in countries like China, Japan but faces difficulty in Europe as many schools are independent and do not want government to interfere. The fact that some graduates in certain fields of study do not have problem of finding jobs as many countries are facing skills shortages in certain technology areas so skills development has been proposed as an important solution to solve unemployment. Today Germany and Denmark are noted as two countries that adequately solve this problem by having plans to retrain college graduates in certain technical skills and help keep unemployment down while its European neighbors like France, Italy have no such plan in place and suffer higher rates of college unemployment.<\/p>\n

A German executive explained: \u201cThe unemployment problem among college graduates requires effort between educators, businesses, and government to correct. It is essential for our country\u2019s economy and we cannot let it go to waste. Our solution is to retrain many college graduates in the areas that are needed such as computing technology and medical fields. If college graduates cannot find good job related to their field of study, they must go back to school at learn another skills. They may need twelve to sixteen months of training for a second degree in science, technology but they will have jobs. Every student should be given proper career instruction and guidance as well as the opportunity to develop new skills before they even graduate from high school. Companies should increasingly partner with high schools, vocational schools, and universities to recruit, train, and hire them. There should be a national effort to emphasize industries with labor shortages and actively developing the human capital needed to fill these positions. If students are more aware of which industries have labor shortages, which fields of study are no longer needed, the number of students graduating in certain field of study might \u201cself-correct\u201d. Government can aid in this process by offering incentives to train these people through tax breaks and similar training programs. The current unemployment situation among college students is the inefficiency and ineffectively of a \u201cloose\u201d employment market and poor human capital development. In order to solve this problem, action must now be taken to put young people to work and prepare future generations for competition in the global market.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4023"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4024,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4023\/revisions\/4024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}