{"id":3977,"date":"2014-01-22T09:47:00","date_gmt":"2014-01-22T02:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3977"},"modified":"2014-01-22T09:47:00","modified_gmt":"2014-01-22T02:47:00","slug":"nhu-cau-ve-cong-nhan-cntt-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3977","title":{"rendered":"Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi – cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf M\u0129. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Stanford, MIT hay Carnegie Mellon ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $85,000 t\u1edbi $110,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng khi k\u00ed h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2008- 2011 n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2012, Facebook v\u00e0 Google b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 tr\u00ean $100,000 cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Yahoo, Microsoft, v\u00e0 Amazon c\u0169ng s\u00e1nh theo v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m $125,000 t\u1edbi $160,000 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao m\u1edbi t\u1eeb $150,000 t\u1edbi $180,000 v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Big Data, An ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 Di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c $170,000 t\u1edbi $210,000. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1c s\u0129 y t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” \u1ed3 \u1ea1t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o M\u0129, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Thunh l\u0169ng Silicon n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 ba n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $36,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u1edf Bangalore nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf Facebook, l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m $120,000 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi $20,000 khi k\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua xe m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.\u201d M\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tin n\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Big data v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Hadoop r\u1ea5t k\u0129, Google s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho t\u00f4i $125,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d Lu\u1eadt M\u0129 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb 2010, con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ean ba tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cao.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua “th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c sinh” ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi n\u01a1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 sang th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf M\u0129 cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng hay ch\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.”<\/p>\n

Xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh c\u00e3i \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n M\u0129 g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 visa H-1B cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p t\u1eebng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 85,000 t\u1edbi 110,000, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb Google, Facebook, Microsoft, v\u00e0 Apple v.v. \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 visa l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 “kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn” \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap M\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Khi B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao John Kerry t\u1edbi th\u0103m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u0129-\u1ea4n, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau visa H-1B n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m; v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c visa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u1edf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT nh\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kinh doanh m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n v\u00e0o M\u0129.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Demand for IT workers<\/p>\n

The shortage of Information Technology (IT) skilled engineers has created a new war \u2013 the war for talents in the U.S. Anybody who works in technology industry know that competition for top skilled workers is fierce but currently it has reached a level that never seen before.<\/p>\n

For many years, salaries for software engineers in the U.S. have always been the highest in the world. For example, entry-level graduates with a Bachelor degree in Computer Science from top universities like Stanford, MIT or Carnegie Mellon were getting $85,000 to $110,000 a year plus a signing bonus. Even during the 2008- 2011 financial crisis where many people lost jobs, technology workers were still doing fine, although the hiring was slow but people were not losing jobs.<\/p>\n

Beginning in 2012, Facebook and Google started to compete for software engineers and willing to pay over $100,000 for entry-level position. Other companies like Yahoo, Microsoft, and Amazon also matched that and forced others to raise their salaries too. Experienced software engineers who were making $125,000 to $160,000 knew about the demand for their skills began to look for better jobs. This drove the salaries up to a new high of $150,000 to $180,000 on the average. The specialized skills such as Big Data analytics, System Security, and Mobility drove the salaries much higher to new level of $170,000 to $210,000. For the first time in history, salaries of software engineers have by-pass medical doctors, who for century always have the highest salaries.<\/p>\n

The high demand and high salaries also lead to a massive \u201cImport\u201d of foreign workers to the U.S, especially in Silicon Valley where there is high demand for workers. An Indian software engineer told the local newspapers: \u201cI have three years of experience and making $36,000 a year in Bangalore but since I get a job at Facebook, my starting salary is $120,000 work plus $20,000 sign in bonus. Now I can buy a new car and support my entire family in India.\u201d A Chinese software engineer with a Master degree said: \u201cIt is unbelievable, I just graduate from a Chinese university with no experience but I specialize in Big data analytics and know Hadoop very well, Google is willing to offer me a $125,000 a year which is ten times what I can make in China.\u201d The U.S laws require that any foreign workers that work in the U.S should receive the same salaries as other U.S workers. Since 2010, the number of IT skilled foreign workers in the U.S. have reached over three hundred thousand but still not enough to meet the high demand.<\/p>\n

Today technology industry in the U.S. is going through a major \u201crenaissance time\u201d with new technologies and innovations where technology business is exploding and every company is hiring. A senior executive said: \u201cWe are moving from the 20th Century to the 21st where there are many new technologies and opportunities. To do that successfully we need to have more technology workers but we do not have enough skilled technology people in the U.S so we must open our door for foreign workers who have degrees in computer science, software engineering or information system management to come and work because getting those skilled workers is “a matter of life or death for our tech industry”.<\/p>\n

As a solution, the immigration reform bill currently being debated in the U.S Senate suggests increasing the number of H-1B visas for foreign workers offered each year from 85,000 to 110,000, and making an exception for foreign students who are graduating with degrees from U.S universities to stay and work to support the fast growing technology industry. Technology executives from Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and Apple etc. have come to the senate and congress meetings to testify that the current limit on visas is too low and need to increase much more, and by not allow highly skilled foreign workers to come and work will destroy the “Innovation economy” that has helped the U.S. to remain the strongest economy in the world.<\/p>\n

When Secretary of State John Kerry visited India for the US-India Strategic meetings, he was surprised that the main topic was not about military collaboration but how many H-1B visas should be issued for Indian engineers each year; and how to expedite the process they have to go through to get those special visas. The simple reason is a new shift in U.S. policy to reduce IT outsourcing but allows more IT skilled workers to come and work has open a new business for Indian companies to bring more workers to the U.S.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi – cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3978,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3977\/revisions\/3978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}