{"id":3959,"date":"2014-01-17T09:17:42","date_gmt":"2014-01-17T02:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3959"},"modified":"2014-02-07T15:37:56","modified_gmt":"2014-02-07T08:37:56","slug":"phuong-phap-hoc-qua-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3959","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh”"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng? L\u00e0m sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, Kinh doanh, hay Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh”, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” v\u00e0o trong gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp” khi ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u201cK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp” l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n n\u00e0y? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft? Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u0103m h\u1edf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trao v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ra l\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc bao nhi\u00eau t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bao nhi\u00eau. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 “gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf” v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, KH\u00d4NG t\u1eeb ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u hay c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong l\u1edbp n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n “Nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc” sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh”, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t trong n\u00f3. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 th\u00eam ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o” v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng minh cho sinh vi\u00ean thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 “t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng” tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (qua \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bao nhi\u00eau th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd c\u00e0ng nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh\u201d hay c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng coi r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 “t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng” m\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0169. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean “\u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.\u201d Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho sinh vi\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, tranh lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The “Learning by Doing” method<\/p>\n

A teacher asked: \u201cWhy do you think the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d is better than traditional lecturing method? How does the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method work with courses like Sociology, History, Literature, Business, or Education?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: While \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method may not appropriate for every course, it can work well with some courses as long as teacher understand the method and be able to insert some practical exercises into the context of the course. This method requires teachers to consider how it is used in real practice, and consider the larger issues that may be outside the boundaries of many traditional courses. With \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d, students are taught about the relationship between theories and practices as well as the nature of problems and solutions that are more complex than traditional theories.<\/p>\n

Every student wants to see the relevance of course content to real-world issues. They want to know what they can do with the knowledge that they have learned, how to apply it in a real life situation, and how to solve the real problem when it happens. To apply the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d concept into your curriculum, you need to redesign the course with more examples, more case-studies, and more questions for students to discuss. The key concept is to focus on the \u201clearning outcomes\u201d as they need to be defined. Teacher need to make clear to students what they can expect to gain from the course. Basically, \u201cLearning outcomes\u201d are what you want students to know as a result of taking the course? What new thing you want them to learn? And why you want them to know? Today this method is more appealing to a new generation of students who are more active and eager to have a different learning experience than the traditional lecturing method.<\/p>\n

In traditional class, teachers teach from textbooks often given by the school administrators and follow the curriculum dictated by the school but in this method, the teacher substitutes some textbooks readings with real case practices and class discussions as students must learn by actual doing instead of just read the textbooks and memorize the theories. The teacher determines how much of the texts students will be required to read and how many hours of class discussion or practice case studies students will do. This means as teacher, you must decide which practical experiences are appropriate for the course, and how much are required. Of course, certain instructions need to be provided so students can thoroughly follow by reading the case studies, analyzing the situation, and discussing the solution as well as \u201calternative solutions\u201d since there may be more than one solution.<\/p>\n

To succeed, it is necessary to evaluate how well students have learned. The \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method suggests that evaluation should be based on what students learned from their experience, NOT from memorize certain sentences or formula. Therefore the grade in the class should be determined by student\u2019s participation by actual doing rather than just based on passing the test. For example, when taking the \u201cIntroduction to Chemistry\u201d course students have to learn the periodic table but few really understand how to use it so the concept is vague. Traditional lecturing requires students to memorize the Periodic tables but few understand the application of it. By applying the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d concept, students can analyze water samples from a river nearby based on the periodic table. This practical interaction makes the periodic table more alive, more real as they study the chemicals that cause the pollution. The results can be reported to an organization that uses the information to improve the river water. The learning outcome is to identify the causes of pollution in the river based on the amount of chemicals in it. The practical aspect is by taking water samples from the river, analyzed them, and added them to the government\u2019s health database to improve the river water and solve the pollution problem.<\/p>\n

Basically, in teaching there is NO perfect method. As teacher, you should select which method that is appropriate to help student to learn best and use it. The traditional lecturing method or \u201cinstructionist\u201d approach that is still widely used today focuses on giving direct and explicit instructions to students rather than having students explore on their own. It is based on the fundamental concept that human mind is a \u201cblank paper\u201d void of any ideas and only gains knowledge through senses and experiences. Therefore the main responsibility of teachers is to fill the students\u2019 minds with knowledge and information under the instructionist (By lecture) approach and test their knowledge by testing their memory to determine how much information that they have retained. The more they memorize, the better.<\/p>\n

The \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method or \u201cconstructivists\u201d approach do not think that human minds start out as \u201cblank paper\u201d but believe that learning requires the integration of new information with old beliefs. It is based on the fundamental concept that all students \u201ccome into formal education with a range of prior knowledge, skills, beliefs, and concepts that significantly influence what they notice about the environment and how they organize and interpret it.\u201d Therefore new knowledge must be constructed from existing knowledge.\u201d Teachers need to do more than just provide direct instructions to the students. Instead, teachers must pay attention to resolve the misconceptions of the students in order to facilitate the learning process. That is why students must learn the materials prior coming to class and use class discussions, debates, case studies, and practice to challenge the concepts then clarify the concepts until they really understand the concept well and that is how they learn. They are NOT learning by memorization but really understand every theory, every formula, and know how to apply it to solve problems. The learning outcomes are the ability of students to apply and solve problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 “H\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng? L\u00e0m sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3959"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3961,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions\/3961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}