{"id":3952,"date":"2014-01-15T14:07:45","date_gmt":"2014-01-15T07:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3952"},"modified":"2014-01-15T14:07:45","modified_gmt":"2014-01-15T07:07:45","slug":"nhu-cau-ve-dao-tao-cong-nghe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3952","title":{"rendered":"Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Google, Microsoft, Google, Amazon v\u00e0 Facebook v.v. mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a M\u0129 d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb l\u1edbp t\u00e1m, th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh cho gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, 87% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p, t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4n to\u00e1n hay khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. S\u1edf th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n 1.8 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u0129 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra 400,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT h\u01a1n. Trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 m\u1ecdi n\u0103m c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 150,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e3ng 90,000 sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u0103m 2013, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 c\u1ea5p 85,000 visa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cThu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1eefa v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 chi h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean $3 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00eam 100,000 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, hay mua trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ph\u1ed1 Wall vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i, \u2018T\u00f4i c\u00f3 50,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebb l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,” sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ng\u00e0y nay khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o \u0111ang s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Trong to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 \u00edt h\u01a1n 20% sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 hai khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The need for technology training<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Executives from technology companies such as Google, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook etc. want to require U.S public schools to teach computer science, so tech companies do not have to rely on foreign workers to fill future technology jobs. Many have signed a request to U.S government asking them to require the teaching of computer classes as early as the eighth grade, add more computing questions to the standardized tests, and create a curriculum for technology instruction throughout high school.<\/p>\n

According to the technology industry, 87% of high schools in the U.S do not offer computer classes and even if they do, computer credits are not count towards high school math or science requirements. This lack of focus on technology training is a main concern among industry executives who worry there will not be enough workers to fill the huge demand of computer jobs. The U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics predicted that by 2020, the U.S industry will need 1.8 million new computer jobs, but U.S schools will only able to produce about 400,000 computer graduates. Without more students going into this field, the industry will need to \u201cimport\u201d more foreign IT workers. Across the U.S. companies every year need to fill an estimated 150,000 computer related jobs but the nation\u2019s universities only graduate around 90,000 students annually in those areas. That shortage has prompted tech companies to increasingly turn to foreign labor to fill technology jobs. In 2013, the U.S. government issued over 85,000 special visas to US companies to hire foreign IT workers. An executive admitted: \u201cIt is expensive to hire foreign workers as we have to spend a lot of paperwork to get them here then retrain them because their education systems are behind what we need. Although many have programming skills, the challenge is in the development of their language skills and teamwork skills before they can be productive. That is why we prefer Indian rather than others because at least they have good command of English.\u201d<\/p>\n

An industry representative told the newspapers: \u201cWe have seen a growing need for more technology workers and it is getting worst. For years, we expect the trainings to happen in university but now we realize that it must start much earlier. If we do not encourage high school students to learn technology now then by the time they go to university, many will not choose this field. We need to have more high school teachers trained in technology too as we cannot encourage technology in high schools without participation of their teachers. It is also important for all students to understand that technology fields can lead to very good careers with high salary today an in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n

The current proposal would require the U.S. government to spend billions of dollars to implement technology training, as well as the retraining of thousands of teachers and add another layer of teaching requirements and testing to schools. While many people agrees with technology executives that high school students should be better equipped to pursue technology careers but adding billion dollars to a government budget at this time would be difficult. The U.S government budget proposed by President Obama would provide over $3 billion to help schools increase science and technology instruction, including adding 100,000 science teachers to the field but it may not be enough. Currently many technology companies say that they would be willing to help pay for computer education, or buy equipment and retrain teachers.<\/p>\n

A Wall Street analyst wrote: \u201cIndustry must speak up because they cannot hire enough people that they need. When industry says, \u2018I have 50,000 jobs but I cannot fill them, young students should take notice. Today when we look at what jobs are available, and what fields of study that students are pursuing in college, what we see is a completely disconnect. Across the U.S. less than 20% college students are pursuing degree in science, technology and engineering. They must understand that science and technology are two areas where the jobs are still in high demand. It is correct for the technology executives to pressure the public education system to add more technology-specific education as we need more computer scientists and engineers to grow our economy and every company needs to grow fast in this competitive world.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Google, Microsoft, Google, Amazon v\u00e0 Facebook v.v. mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3952"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3954,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3952\/revisions\/3954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}