{"id":393,"date":"2013-06-18T23:13:49","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T16:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=393"},"modified":"2013-06-18T23:13:49","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T16:13:49","slug":"vong-doi-thac-do-va-cach-tiep-can-agile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=393","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng em \u0111ang d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fa em, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fa \u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc Agile thay cho n\u00f3. Khi em k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fa em ch\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd em b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: T\u1eebng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1edbp cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ai \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ai sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t khi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Xo\u00e1y \u1ed1c, Gia t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 Agile v.v.<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c pha\u00a0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t pha \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m xong th\u00ec pha ti\u1ebfp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eddm l\u1ea5p c\u00e1c pha trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra theo c\u00e1ch tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i pha, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ecbch, c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho chi ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00e9m kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng do l\u1ecbch ch\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u1ec1 sau trong khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

Agile l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa. Agile gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tham gia, Agile c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong Agile l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa. Khi nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (ph\u1ea1m vi lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt).\u00a0 Agile l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau. Agile y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2, t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u1eadp \u01b0u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Agile, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n Agile t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Waterfall Lifecycle and Agile approach<\/p>\n

A Computer Science student wrote to me: \u201cMy school is teaching the Waterfall lifecycle but my uncle, who works for a software company said that it does not work and nobody use this model anymore. He said that I must learn Agile instead. When I told the teacher, he disagreed and said that my uncle does not know anything. Now, I am confused. Please advice\u201d.<\/p>\n

Answer: Each software lifecycle is designed for a particular type of development. There is no one lifecycle that fits everything. The Waterfall life cycle has advantages and disadvantages and so does the Agile approach. In this case you cannot say who is right and who is wrong.<\/p>\n

Although there are disadvantages, the Waterfall lifecycle is still a popular development approach in the industry and is still being taught in most universities. It is simple, easy to understand, and still being used in many types of project, especially large project. For students who do not have a lot of experience, this model is very good to learn how software development works. Once the students understand the Waterfall model well, they can learn about other models such as Spiral, Incremental, and Agile etc.<\/p>\n

The Waterfall lifecycle organized development activities into distinct phases so manager can set schedule for the tasks to be completed within a specified time period. Only after the tasks in a particular phase are done then the next phase can start. There is no overlapping of phases in this lifecycle. From the project managers\u2019 view, this lifecycle is easy to manage since the progress is happening in a sequential linear manner. At the end of each phase, there are specific documents and products to be done so managers can track progress of project activities. This lifecycle is based on a perfect situation where requirements are clearly defined and there is minimum change during development.<\/p>\n

Of course in reality, requirements are not clearly defined and changes happen quite often so developers must go back and change their works (re-works). This problem often causes the project to slip schedule, needs more efforts and causes higher costs and lower quality. It may create badly structured system which is difficult to maintain. Sometime due to strict schedule, not all problems are solved so released software still has defects. When customers\u2019 requirements are added later in the development, they disrupt the works and not all requirements are done correctly. These things create low quality products and make customer not very happy.<\/p>\n

Agile is a good development approach for smaller project but it has some disadvantages too. Agile assumes that users will actively involve and collaborate with developers. In reality, users are often busy and may not have the time or skills to participate in the project. Without users involve, Agile may not work. The best thing in Agile is it welcomes changes but it can also be a negative thing too. As more changes are being added and the scope keeps changing, the project may never finish accordingly (Scope creep).\u00a0 Agile is an evolving process and constantly being adjusted to meet customers\u2019 changes, therefore it is difficult to plan how much it will costs for the project budget. Agile requires a highly skilled and experienced developers that can assume many roles, from interact with customers, set priority, write code and continuously testing. Most companies do not have enough of these workers and inexperienced workers often fail in Agile, especially if they do not have enough proper training and good Agile coaches to help them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng em \u0111ang d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fa em, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":394,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions\/394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}