{"id":3925,"date":"2014-01-04T11:31:33","date_gmt":"2014-01-04T04:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3925"},"modified":"2014-01-04T11:31:33","modified_gmt":"2014-01-04T04:31:33","slug":"quan-li-du-an-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3925","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y song h\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t; sai l\u1ea7m chung m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, c\u00e1c chi ti\u00eau, t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u so v\u1edbi n\u01a1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf). Trong qui tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bu\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda th\u00eam. M\u1ed9t khi m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project management<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cHow does a project manager manages a project? What is the typical project management look like? Please explain.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: Depending upon the company and the type of project but most projects can be divided into several basic tasks. By dividing the entire project into smaller tasks, it is easier to manage than monitor and control the entire project as one big task.<\/p>\n

Before starting any project, project manager must define the goals of the project and all tasks that are required to complete it then determine how long it will take. Project manager must document these things into a project plan and reviews it with managers and customers. Project manager needs to estimate the timeline for each task then set up milestones to ensure that team members are working on these tasks according to the time allowed. It is also important to determine which tasks must happen in succession and which tasks may run concurrently then assign team members to work on them.<\/p>\n

Every project needs to have enough people to work on these tasks and they must have the right skills to do them. Sometime, it is important to set up some training at the beginning of the project to make sure that all team members are trained for their assigned tasks. Project training is important as each project is unique; the common mistake that many project managers often made is to assume that team members know what to do. Even they may have experiences, it is important to have a training to make sure they all understand their roles and responsibilities. Each member may be assigned to number of tasks, where each must complete them according to quality standards and defined processes. Any potential obstacles and issues must be identified and if needed, special risks management plans must be developed to handling these issues.<\/p>\n

The project manager must monitor the project’s progress, including measuring ongoing activities, expenditures, total time spent by team members, and performance in comparison to the project’s baseline (i.e. where the project is vs. where the project should be). During the monitoring process, certain reviews must be held to make sure that these tasks are done correctly, completely and meet requirements; else they should be sent back for further corrections. Once all tasks have been completed successfully, the project will be marked as complete.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3925"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3927,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3925\/revisions\/3927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}