{"id":3913,"date":"2014-01-02T08:46:53","date_gmt":"2014-01-02T01:46:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3913"},"modified":"2014-01-02T08:46:53","modified_gmt":"2014-01-02T01:46:53","slug":"phuong-phap-day-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3913","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u00edch d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a quen v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap cho.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o”, t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y tu\u1ef3 theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t quen v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho h\u1ecd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1edbi r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai trong l\u1edbp. Khi sinh vi\u00ean l\u00ean n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp, b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111i. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9c t\u01b0, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc qua nghe v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin cho sinh vi\u00ean qua b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng l\u1eafng nghe, ghi ch\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. V\u1edbi K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 cho sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi m\u00f4n nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u0129. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap kh\u1eed b\u1ecf l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc qua t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Thep ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn logic b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i l\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd, v\u00ec t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t hay hai sinh vi\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp t\u00f4i: “Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd cho t\u1eebng em n\u0103m ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a em gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c em v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ed3i th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u1eebng em l\u00ean n\u00eau c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00ec th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n nghe t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.” Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y th\u00edch t\u1eebng em x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ch\u00fang \u1edf trong l\u1edbp.” Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn m\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Sau th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t hay s\u1eeda b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teaching method<\/p>\n

A young teacher wrote to me: \u201cI like to use active learning method but my students are not familiar with this new method yet. Is it possible to use both traditional lecturing method and active learning method? Please help.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: There is no \u201cPerfect teaching method\u201d each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. You should vary the teaching method depending on the subject matter, the familiar of students with the method, and the year of students. First year students are familiar with the lecturing method so you should continue to lecture but introduce them to the new active learning method then use both in your class. As students move up to another year, you continue to use both methods but increase to use the active learning method by having more class discussions and less lecturing. By the time students reach the fourth year, you can focus mostly on the active learning method. This will encourage students to develop their own independent thinking and the lifelong learning attitude.<\/p>\n

The lecturing method promotes learning through listening and following directions. Traditionally, the teacher tells the students what to do and how to do it by provides all information to the students via lectures and textbooks. Students learn by listening, taking notes, reading textbooks and taking tests to make sure that they have learned what they are taught. Even with this method, the teacher needs to start with the big overall picture before moving into specifics. For Software Engineering, Computer Science or Information System Management, it is important to give students a clear picture about the industry, the market trends, what information technology can do, and the technology trends as well as the professional careers so students know what they can do with certain skills and plan their future accordingly before they learn about the technical aspects such as hardware, software or programming languages. Currently the introduction course in information technology is required for all college students in most U.S schools. The lecturing method requires the teacher to be clear and specific on directions because students need to know exactly what they must do to succeed and by what criteria their work will be evaluated. These concise directions will help eliminate confusion among students as they need sufficient detail to do their works.<\/p>\n

The active learning method promotes learning through interaction. In this method, the teacher asking students to respond to challenging questions instead of lecturing.<\/p>\n

The teacher is no longer a knowledge transmitter but a learning facilitator who guides the class discussion to a logical conclusion by encourages critical thinking, and problem solving. Students learn to have their own opinions based on facts and data that they read and learn before come to class. With this method, teachers do not lecture much but must prepare questions in advance. Classroom discussions do not happen by random but by well-organized and well-prepared materials. Teachers ask one question at a time and let students express their own opinions and discuss among themselves, as each of them may think and learn differently. It is important that teacher does not allow one or two students to dominate the whole discussion. Teacher should ask others, especially some who are quiet for their ideas and opinions. I often told my classes: “I will give each of you five minute to discuss your views among yourselves then I will call on each of you to answer as I want to hear from everyone.” Sometime I also let students to create questions by saying: \u201cI like each of you to develop your own questions to ask your classmates. We then discuss their answers in class.” During the class discussion, teachers should carefully listen to all students\u2019 opinion and determine how well they have learned the materials. After the discussion, the teacher must summarize all key points or correct any confusion and incorrect information.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u00edch d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a quen v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3913"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3915,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3913\/revisions\/3915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}