{"id":3894,"date":"2013-12-28T20:26:09","date_gmt":"2013-12-28T13:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3894"},"modified":"2013-12-28T20:26:09","modified_gmt":"2013-12-28T13:26:09","slug":"day-mot-cach-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3894","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, con s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t mong \u0111\u1ee3i cho m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u1ecd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201ch\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u1edbp s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. \u1ede M\u0129 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Sinh vi\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc g\u00ec trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb ngay l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng Internet t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u1eebng sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t trang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm mong \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u00f4n n\u00e0y? Em ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf phi\u00ean l\u00ean l\u1edbp sau v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc “C\u00e1i g\u00ec” trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 “T\u1ea1i sao” h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp hay \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t” v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v.v. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n; ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 n\u01a1i k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qui tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong Java, v\u00e0 C++ c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u00f3? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i cho ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: “B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c em b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 con logic n\u01a1i t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u00eau giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y k\u0129, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n trong chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00e1c em b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n…\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n hay khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc then ch\u1ed1t, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eebng sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong tu\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao em tin r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng?” \u201cEm \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi em?” \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n trong sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n g\u00ec, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 “b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn” v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp r\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

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Teaching effectively<\/p>\n

As more students are going to college, the number of students who are not ready for the rigorous of college learning is also increasing. Some are lacking certain skills, others are lacking motivation, and some just do not know that college requires much more works than high school. It is difficult to teach if students are still confused about their future and not ready to learn.<\/p>\n

Most teachers start their first class by setting expectations for the course but I begin my class by introduce them to the \u201clearning by doing\u201d method so they understand how the class will be taught before going into the course content details. In the U.S. most students are familiar with this method so I can just review what I would do but in Asia, many students may not been exposed to it so it would take at least a whole class to discuss with students on this topic. Students always want to know what they learn in the course and how it helps them in their life. By explain the connections between their current learning and their future career, students can develop a vision of what they can do and it motivates them to learn. My assignment for students in the first class of software engineering is to conduct a small research using the Internet on the job market. Each student must prepare a one page description of how many companies are hiring software engineer? What are their requirements? What skills do they need? And answer the questions: \u201cWhat skills do you expect to learn from this course? How do you develop these skills?\u201d This will lead to a discussion on the next class and it helps to elaborate the learning by doing concept.<\/p>\n

Every teacher should explain \u201cWhat\u201d students will be able to learn in the course and \u201cWhy\u201d they need it. If they cannot explain clearly, students will not be able to make the connection on their own and may not want to engage in class activities or put in the extra effort. The answers to these questions should not be simple like: \u201cStudy this then you will get good job\u201d as students need more specific answers so it is important for teachers to work with students to come up with answers to these two questions on a weekly basis based on what they are currently studying.<\/p>\n

For example, on the first day of class I would explain the overview of the class: \u201cToday software systems are everywhere. Almost all electrical and electronic devices now have software in it. Software controls manufacturing machines, runs schools and universities, hospitals, finance and business etc. The specification, management, and implementation of software are the domain of software engineering. Today software is getting larger and more complex; we need to apply engineering principles to the development of software instead of just coding and testing like in the past and hope it works. Software engineering is an engineering discipline where software engineers use methods, techniques, and theories from computer science and apply them into the development of large and complex software. By learning software engineering you will be able to develop and deliver quality software within costs, schedule, and meet customers\u2019 satisfaction. By having these skills, you will be able to build a good career as most of you already know there is a critical shortage of software engineers and the industry needs people with these skills.\u201d<\/p>\n

For the weekly learning objectives, I would explain: \u201cThis week, you will learn about software design where the design is structured as interacting objects. You need to understand how a software design may be represented as a set of interacting objects that manage their own state and operations; you also learn the activities in an object oriented design process. Today most software developments in the industry are based on object oriented design; if you are programming in Java, and C++ you must know object oriented design well. My question is: \u201cWhat happen if you do not know it well? Let\u2019s have a discussion on this topic.\u201d<\/p>\n

When I give homework assignments, I also explain to students about the connection to what they are doing and what they may do in the future: This homework is about design a banking system using Unified Modeling Language (UML), I want you to start with a system architecture, identify objects in the systems and group them in a logical sub-systems where each is shown as a package, you must describe sequence of objects interactions, then document the object interfaces. Most of you are familiar with a bank and know how it works so it is simple enough but if you do this exercise well, you can design more complex systems in more details because the principles and process are the same. You start with the architecture, identify the objects and select a model to represent the system. The important is knowing the process and following it step by step. Most systems that you will build in the industry will also follow the same principles. If you learn to design well, you can do a lot in complex system that are used in the industry. By learning and knowing this technique well, you can move from programmer position to developer position much faster than someone who does not know about design or architecture. Eventually, if you do well you may get to system architect position where all you do is design more large systems…\u201d<\/p>\n

At the end of each week or when we finish a key subject topic, I ask each student to identify one important concept, theory, or idea that they have learned during the week then answer the following questions: \u201cWhy do you believe that this concept, theory, or idea is important?” \u201cHow do you apply what you have learned from this activity to some aspect of your life?” That will lead to more discussion among students about what they need, what they may do and how does it impact their life. Every student needs to have a “big picture” of what they will do and teachers should guide them through this learning process. By having a clear understanding about the relevance of what they are learning and what they will be doing in the future, it will help them to engage actively in class.<\/p>\n

Some teachers wait until the end of the course to summarize what students have learned and talk about the relevant connections. That is a mistake because they miss an opportunity to motivate students to learn. The best way is to start with the relevance of the course at the first day of the class then each week focus on the connection of what they will learn that week and what they can apply in the future. Students need to understand what they can do and what they will do in the industry, they must know whether what they learn can help them to build a career that last a lifetime and by knowing it well, they are motivate to learn.<\/p>\n

As a teacher, we are not only teaching a subject but also guiding students. The effectiveness in which students learn is based on how much we can motivate them. What we teach will impact them not just in our course but in all of their courses, and how they learn will help them to success in their life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, con s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng t\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3894"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3896,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3894\/revisions\/3896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}