{"id":3891,"date":"2013-12-27T20:42:24","date_gmt":"2013-12-27T13:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3891"},"modified":"2013-12-27T20:42:24","modified_gmt":"2013-12-27T13:42:24","slug":"thay-giao-nhu-nguoi-tao-hoan-canh-hoc-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3891","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y, l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh ta: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh”, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng ch\u00fat \u00edt, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ra cho t\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u. Thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i ‘V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c pha sau \u2026\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i trong khi sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o v\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau pha trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi: “T\u1ea1i sao pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc pha vi\u1ebft m\u00e3? Sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3?\u201d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u0103m d\u00f2 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u00fat \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng trong l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1eabn nhau. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 “li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi pha c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.” L\u1edbp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi; th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi anh ta c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3? Sao kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i lo chuy\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau?\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng nhau qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1n hay b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi tin nh\u1eafn hay emails trong th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 KH\u00d4NG quen v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong l\u1edbp v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd th\u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd C\u1ea6N t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc “c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc” v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef cho k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1eabn \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean m\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a h\u00e8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi l\u1edbp t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: \u201cV\u00ec b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 em mu\u1ed1n em h\u1ecdc.\u201d V\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0: \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho em vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.\u201d Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?\u201d c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: \u201cEm c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.\u201d Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m?\u201d L\u1edbp im l\u1eb7ng khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nhau v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 sau ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng may.\u201d Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng em may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?\u201d L\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp im l\u1eb7ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac khi h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Google hay Microsoft \u0111ang t\u00ecm khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng?\u201d L\u1edbp l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t im l\u1eb7ng. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn?\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i phi\u00ean m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0: \u201cL\u1edbp c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y th\u1eadt vui, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang em \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn tin t\u00e2m tr\u00ed sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00ean n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi Internet v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 Google hay Bing, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129. Khi d\u1ea1y, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd \u0111o tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd qu\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111o vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai n\u00e0y? B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp thay v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

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Teachers as learning facilitators<\/p>\n

A teacher asked me: \u201cIf I do not lecture, how do I know that students have learned all materials required for the course.\u201d I asked him: \u201cDo you think by lecturing, students will learn everything that you teach?\u201d Most of us are growing up with lecturing method so we are familiar with it and some of us believe that it is the only way to teach as students cannot learn the course\u2019s materials on their own. However classroom today is not the same as twenty years ago and students today are not the same as the time when we were students. Today students are more active and easily get distracted by other things so the teaching methods must change to be more efficient.<\/p>\n

With \u201cLearning by doing\u201d method, teachers only lecture a little bit, only to correct mistakes and misconceptions. The rest of the class time is for group discussion and working on solving problems. But this method only works if students have read and learned the materials before they come to class. Based on my experience, students should be given a well-written objectives for each week and given access to good reading materials, so they can teach themselves the all the basic concepts before come to class. By allowing students to discuss among themselves, they learn better so teachers do not need to lecture much. Instead of saying ‘The software Lifecycle consist of the following phases \u2026\u201d and wait while students write it down on their notes. Teachers should ask: \u201cHow many phases are there in the software development lifecycle and what are they? When student\u2019s response, teachers could ask: \u201cIs it correct or not?\u201d and let others to answer or explain further. Teachers also ask: Why the requirements phase is ahead of the coding phase? Why do we need to follow certain sequence?\u201d these questions will probe little deeper for better understanding. By continue to ask questions instead of lecturing, teachers can make the class more interactive and lively and students will learn more than just passively listening.<\/p>\n

To help students learn course materials on their own, teachers should create a list of pre-class reading assignments, information that students will be using during class, and lots of problems, including test questions from the past years so they can test themselves. The materials include basic content questions, such as “list all the phases of the software development lifecycle.” Class begins with an overview of the topic, a short questions and answers if students have anything that they want to ask; then a short lecture on the difficult concepts that students need to know before class discussion. Teachers could select a student to lead the discussion by asking him some question such as: \u201cWhy do we need to complete requirements before coding? Why not code first then worry about requirements later?\u201d<\/p>\n

Today communication, presentation, teamwork and classroom discussion are important soft-skills that students must have. They must learn how to organize their thought, structure discussion to promote cooperative learning by attending class regularly and actively participate. By doing that, they will develop better soft-skills and at the same time learn technical skills. And by having all of them actively learning together by discussion, they will not get bored or being distracted by text messages or emails during class time.<\/p>\n

When I teach in Asia, many teachers are concerned about students’ capabilities as Asian students are NOT familiar with this new method. Most students are not active in class as they want to be taught rather than learning by themselves. Of course, students like to be taught by listen to lecture and take note, or at least many of them do. It is easier that way for them and for teachers. But they NEED to learn \u201chow to learn\u201d by themselves and they will not learn that unless we tell them that they must read before coming to class, they must develop a self-learning habit, a lifelong learning attitude because technology changes fast and they must keep their skills current by reading and learning on their own. Of course, it is NOT easy but is there another better way to learn? I think teachers sometimes forget that students not only need to learn the material, they must also learn to make decisions about what they need to know and how they will acquire that knowledge. The problem is Asian education system is still focusing on nurturing and protecting students but NOT teaching them to be independent learners; many students have no idea what the global world has changed rapidly in the past twenty years and what they need to do to survive in this competitive world. Many are still living with parents and not capable of being independent; that is why many cannot overcome obstacles as some are not aggressively enough to make their own living independently.<\/p>\n

Last summer when I taught in China, I asked my class: \u201cWhy do you study Computer Science?\u201d The most common answers were: \u201cBecause my parents want me to.\u201d And the next common answers were: \u201cIt can get me a good job.\u201d When I asked: \u201cDo you know how to get a good job?\u201d the common answers were: \u201cI have a degree in Computer Science.\u201d Then I raised the question: \u201cBut why many students who also have Computer Science degree but cannot get a job?\u201d the class was silent as they all looked at each other as no one would want to answer. Later some said: \u201cThey are not lucky.\u201d Then I asked: \u201cDo you think that you are lucky and by having a degree, you will get a good job?\u201d Again, the class was silent for a while as they looked at me for an answer. I asked: \u201cDo you know how companies like Google or Microsoft are looking for when they hire graduates?\u201d The class was again very quiet. I asked: \u201cThere are thousands of computer science degreed applicants but why only few were selected?\u201d It eventually led to the discussion of knowledge and skills, both technical skills and soft-skills as we spend the entire class on this subject. Then I explained to them on the new teaching method, what I expected from them and what I would do in the class. By the second class, most students were ready to follow the new instruction and willing to learn materials before coming to class. It was not easy to change habit as there were many issues that I had to solve but by the end of the summer session, most students told me that they have learned much more than expected. The common view was: \u201cYour class was fun, we all like it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Many teachers still believe students\u2019 mind is a blank sheet of paper where they can write things to it but today with the Internet and search engines like Google or Bing, students may know more than what teachers think. When teaching, many teachers assume that students know nothing so they spend all their time for lecturing without knowing whether students are learning or not. Then they measure students\u2019 knowledge by given tests where some will do well and some may not. Most tests are based on the retention of materials rather than the application of the knowledge so students must memorize as much as possible. If they forget something on the test, they fail. Basically the test is only a measurement of memorization but not on how much students\u2019 learn. How do we change this false assumption? By believe that students can learn the material on their own, teachers will focus more on the application of their knowledge, foster the skills and attitudes that students need to become self-directed life-long learners and the teacher\u2019s job is to facilitate the learning process rather than transmitting the knowledge. Then and only then classroom will be an interactive place where information are exchanged with all students participate actively because they are all capable of independent learning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y, l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3891"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3893,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3891\/revisions\/3893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}