{"id":3884,"date":"2013-12-25T19:42:11","date_gmt":"2013-12-25T12:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3884"},"modified":"2013-12-25T19:42:34","modified_gmt":"2013-12-25T12:42:34","slug":"truot-khong-phai-la-tuy-chon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3884","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u01b0\u1ee3t KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i l\u1edbp. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n \u201cL\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d hay \u201cK\u00e9m\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qua ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00e0y. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb “kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m” sang ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ecfi trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4i h\u1ecdc. Khi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cC\u201d trong l\u1edbp t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb anh ta l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m “C” l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m \u201cC\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t cho em r\u1ed3i, em h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7 trong l\u1edbp th\u1ea7y. M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, em l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y cho n\u00ean em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9. V\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng minh cho th\u1ea7y r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u201cC\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cB\u201d hay t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.” B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a anh ta t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c sang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i cho ph\u00e9p anh ta l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp cho t\u1edbi khi anh ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho anh ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u00f4i cho anh ta b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ecdi tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 tin m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n, t\u00f4i cho h\u1ecd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. Khi sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 “d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng” v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t? Quan ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t\u201d l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 “c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc”. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb internet tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb m\u1ea5y sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean “c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc” v\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3u ghi nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd “c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc” r\u1ed3i “c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng” ch\u1ee9 KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nhai l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean tri\u1ebft l\u00ed d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 “Tr\u01b0\u1ee3t KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh vi\u00ean ba c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn, t\u1eebng c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Tong l\u1edbp K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft; hay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho l\u1edbp; hay ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n “l\u01b0\u1eddi” v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u1ecdc qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c \u0111i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch xe \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u anh ta vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Java \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i xe c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 x\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u00e1 thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh ta \u0111em t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 cho l\u1edbp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4 \u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf website cho c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft. Ngay khi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft “T\u1ea1i sao em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?” T\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Khi d\u1ea1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi l\u1edbp t\u00f4i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c” v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f4i khi, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi th\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd chia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t m\u1ed7i l\u00fac, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Khi sinh vi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4i d\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, cho h\u1ecd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, hay \u0111i v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trong m\u00f4n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng trong m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00f4 \u0111un nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m email, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tin nh\u1eafn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd tham gia v\u00e0o tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean YouTube hay TED, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong l\u1edbp. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh vi\u00ean qua ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u00e0i b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u0103m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Failures are NOT an option<\/p>\n

In every classroom, there are students whose learning is at the bottom of the class. Teachers often label them \u201cLazy\u201d or \u201cBad\u201d but actually these students may have different interests and studying is NOT their priority. Over many years of teaching, I found that many of them are smart but they prefer to do something else than studying. When given an assignment, they only do just enough to pass the test and content with whatever grade they get. Without appropriate actions, some of them may fail and even quit school. Traditional education system often ignores these failing students. My concern is we have invested a lot on their education throughout the year, from elementary to high school, and with some extra efforts, we could turn these college students into successful professionals.<\/p>\n

There are two issues that teachers must solved when dealing with these students: The first is to change their attitude from \u201cdo not care\u201d into a strong belief that if they put in some efforts, they can be successful. The second is to figure out what motivate them by identify the conditions that they would responds positively to and use that to encourage them to learn.<\/p>\n

Many students often believe that they are not good enough in certain subject so they often stop learning. When a student gets a \u201cC\u201d grade in my class, I ask him to repeat and correct the work as a \u201cC\u201d grade is not acceptable. Sometime the student would say: \u201cGrade \u201cC\u201d is good enough for me, I am happy with a passing grade.\u201d I told him: \u201cThat is NOT acceptable; I do not want to have a passing grade student in my class. All of my students must be top students and they all are successful, you are my student so you must do better than that. Go home and study than prove to me that you can do better. \u201cC\u201d grade means you have study again until you get at least a \u201cB\u201d grade or better. By NOT allowing failure, I change his perceptions from negative to positive learning experiences. I allow him to repeat the work until he learns something, that gives him a feeling of accomplishment, and prove to me that he is capable of completing his task successfully.<\/p>\n

Since I give test every week, I structure the weekly test relatively easy at the beginning of the class, so all students can complete successfully to give some of these students more confidence to continue. If anyone struggles, I allow them to repeat with the condition that they will have to explain to the class what they have learned. When students know that they must present their understanding during class discussion, they often study harder as no one want to lose face in front of the class. Even when they make mistakes, I do not criticize them but encourage them by letting know that mistakes are a normal part of the learning process. As they begin to enjoy more success, their confidence often grow, and most become more willing to study.<\/p>\n

When I taught in Asia, many professors criticized me of being too \u201cEasy\u201d with students. I explained: \u201cWhat is the purpose of teaching? Do we want students to learn even they may have to repeat several times until they learn something or just fail them? The \u201cpassing and failing\u201d concept is obsolete; we do not eliminate most and select only few elites as in the ancient time. Today we need more skilled workers so we must help students to learn, even they may have to repeat and relearn the lesson several times. Students go to school to learn and our job is to teach them on \u201chow to learn\u201d. We should not make them memorize facts and data as in the past because today they can get all information from the internet on their smartphone so that method is obsolete. Most students will not remember much after graduate but they never forget \u201chow to learn\u201d and it is the attitude about learning that will stay with them all their lives. We want them to develop a lifelong learning attitude NOT a good memory of all the facts and data. Today we need to teach them \u201chow to learn\u201d then \u201chow to apply\u201d NOT how to regurgitate. We should help students to develop good learning habit so they can be successful so my teaching philosophy is \u201cFailure is NOT an option.\u201d<\/p>\n

College students learn differently, we cannot force them to do the same thing. Some students will put in more efforts if they can choose what to do. For example, I often give students three ways to choose, each of which meets my learning objective. In my Software Engineering class, students might choose to do a technical report, and class presentation, or design a prototype. By given them some decisions over the learning process and let them choose what topic they will read and write about; or what topic to present to the class; or what type of design they must prototype and demonstrate that it works, they all meet my learning goal. For many years of teaching, I found that students who are labelled \u201cLazy\u201d are basically learning things differently from typical students. When given a topic some may not like to write a report but prefer to learn by discussion as they organize their thought differently. Some do not like to talk much but prefer to play with the concept by prototyping. By incorporate the student’s interests into the lesson, most are doing better than previously thought. Teachers should find out some of the student’s interests and try to integrate those interests into classroom activities. For example, if a student like cars, I ask him to write a Java program to compare the performance of several cars as well as the aerodynamic design of each car and the consumption of gas. If they like to visualize instead of write report, I ask them to draw a data flow diagram of a system concept, have him bring in to show the class and explain how do they breakdown the levels as well as how data flow from one unit to others. If the student is artistic, I ask her to design a website for an online store with lot of details. As long as they learn something, they will do well.<\/p>\n

Sometime students who are unmotivated and want to know “Why do I have to know this?” I ask them to read some case studies then explain to the class how the lessons can be applied to life outside the classroom. When teaching project management, for example, I gave students several scenarios that they must solve than show them real cases that happen in industry. I often invite guest speakers from the industry to come to my class and share with them their experiences so they will learn more about the \u201creal world\u201d and industry\u2019s expectation. Occasionally, I also plan field trips that allow students to visit a company and meet software developers there so they learn more about how their lessons work in real life.<\/p>\n

Many computer science trainings often start with programming but I prefer to start with an overview of the software industry so students learn how computer can be used in business and how company operates so they all have the knowledge of how to apply before moving into the technical aspect. Even in programming, I would break tasks into smaller pieces which are easier to manage. If students see the task is too big, they may not want to put in more efforts. Programming should be learned one step at a time, with a lot of writing code and I do not move on until all students have mastered that step. As the student gains skill and confidence, I gradually expand the size of the task, give them more difficult problems, or move at a faster pace. In that case, students do not see programming as something too difficult. A student told me that in another programming course, they have to write ten programs but in my course they have to write fifty to eighty small modules but they like it better as they learn more by practice more.<\/p>\n

Today most students are active so they do not like to sit quiet and listen to class lecture. Some will check emails, other may check text messages from their smartphone but all of them will not do that during class discussion because they do not know who I would call to lead the discussion. Students would participate in a debate about a controversial issue that they saw on YouTube or TED, so I often let them volunteer to raise issues and allow them to discuss some experiments or topics that relate to computer science. Those kinds of activities stimulate students’ interests and help them to learn more.<\/p>\n

Traditional education often checks student\u2019s progress in relation to others in class. In that case, classroom will become a battleground where students compete for the top positions. I discourage those activities but focus more on the student’s individual progress. A student who is compared to classmates who do better can become discouraged and stop learning. You can avoid that by focusing on the student’s improvement rather than on his performance relative to his classmates. I often evaluate students through their progress during the course rather than depending on a few tests that measure their performance. By having test on a weekly basis, I can monitor each student\u2019s learning progress and student can also evaluate how his work has improved over the course of the year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i l\u1edbp. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n \u201cL\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3884"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3887,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3884\/revisions\/3887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}