{"id":3817,"date":"2013-12-02T12:54:38","date_gmt":"2013-12-02T05:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3817"},"modified":"2013-12-02T12:54:38","modified_gmt":"2013-12-02T05:54:38","slug":"vong-doi-kiem-thu-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3817","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng em \u0111ang d\u1ea1y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n em nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 pha trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c pha sau:<\/p>\n

1) Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u1ea1i); \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong nguy\u00ean l\u00ed k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i tham gia s\u1edbm trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

2) L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tham gia s\u1edbm v\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong chi ti\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

4) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi dung.<\/p>\n

5) Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Qua\/H\u1ecfng) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khi\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software testing life cycle<\/p>\n

A student wrote to me: \u201cMy school is teaching Software development life cycle but my friend mentions that there is a Software testing life cycle but I could not find it in the textbook. What is it? Could you help?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: There is a Software Testing Life Cycle that defines the processes and phases in the testing of software. However, it is not an industry standard and only few testers are using it. Basically the testing life cycle consists of following phases:<\/p>\n

1) Requirements Review: Testers review the software requirements to understand them and make sure that they are testable. (If they are not then the requirements are vague and need to be revised); this is an important activity in the software engineering principles that advocates testers must involve early in the software project and work closely with requirements engineers to make sure that software requirements are good and complete before the project starts.<\/p>\n

2) Test Planning: Testers know what needs to be tested, and plan their testing activities such as: Prepare test strategy, test plan, test schedule and estimate the testing time. Because testers are participating early in the project, they can work closely with software architects and software designers in defining all the components of the software product, both functional and non-functional requirements. Testers also help identify the interfaces between hardware and software as well as planning how to test these requirements.<\/p>\n

3) Test Designing: Testers begin to build test cases, test scripts and test data based on the requirements\/design of the software. They also create a requirements traceability to make sure testing is complete cover all details of the software requirements. By understand the design in details, testers can develop better test cases and test data for the project.<\/p>\n

4) Test Environment Setup: Testers setup the test environment and make sure that it is the same as the users\u2019 environment.<\/p>\n

5) Test Execution: Testers execute their test cases and test scripts in the test environment to determine the quality of the software (Pass\/Fail) and generate test results and defect reports. Testers conduct functional tests, integration tests, and system tests and help customers to conduct user-acceptance tests.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng em \u0111ang d\u1ea1y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n em nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3817"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3817\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3819,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3817\/revisions\/3819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}