{"id":3791,"date":"2013-11-15T07:35:47","date_gmt":"2013-11-15T00:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3791"},"modified":"2013-11-15T07:35:47","modified_gmt":"2013-11-15T00:35:47","slug":"thieu-hut-ki-nang-tai-chau-au","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3791","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t cao trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 16% n\u0103m 2012 t\u1edbi 25% n\u0103m 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 “tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm,” v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 20,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong n\u0103m 2012 v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin v\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch. Khi nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, hay g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang trong r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i s\u00e2u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc trong sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 50 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 than: \u201cC\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 sai v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa.\u201d B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” k\u0129 s\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 cho \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc “k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7” v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua trong Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebb lam EU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 “c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao” v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf EU l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao di tr\u00fa t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam th\u1ea5m cho c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 “n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i”, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0110\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao” t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c. Anh (UK), Ph\u00e1p, Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin l\u00e0m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea1nh tranh cao v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.\u201d C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn trong sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cPh\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhanh th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu r\u1ed3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Ireland hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 5000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch. \u0110an M\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 14000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edf ra. Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o 16000 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong di \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cSo s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ee7i ro nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf sang h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e0i cho M\u0129. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 M\u0129, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cao b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean khoa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi hay l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y.\u201d M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cPh\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa nh\u1eadn ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan li\u00eau n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. M\u0129 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa nh\u1eadn ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Facebook \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf London, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y nay website c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, k\u0129 s\u01b0 an ninh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Google c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Google l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh m\u1edbi \u1edf Anh, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m London v\u1edbi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 vu\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t 2.4 m\u1eabu Anh (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 60 ha) trong khu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trung t\u00e2m King\u2019s Cross c\u1ee7a London. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong n\u0103m 2013 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Microsoft \u0111ang thu\u00ea m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Ireland, Na Uy, v\u00e0 \u0110an M\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. Cisco \u0111ang t\u00ecm nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean cho v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf Anh nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u1ef1c k\u00ec kh\u00f3 thu\u00ea k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Dell c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u gi\u1eef cho v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb xa \u1edf \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u1ea5 n\u1ec1n CNTT v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Java.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The skills shortage in Europe<\/p>\n

Today Europe has very high unemployment among college graduates but at the same time there is a severe shortage of technology workers. In the past five years, the need for \u201ctechnology skilled workers\u201d has increased from 16% in 2012 to 25% in 2013.<\/p>\n

The Association of Germany Engineers reported that the shortage of electrical engineers, mechanical engineers and software developers is \u201cso severe,\u201d with over 20,000 openings in 2012 and few qualified applicants. As more German engineers are retiring, or nearing retirement the industry is in deep trouble with no engineers to replace them. Today most German universities cannot produce enough engineers because the dropout rate among college students is 50 percent. A professor lamented: \u201cThere is something wrong with young students today, most do not want to study engineering, math and science anymore.\u201d The report stated that most German companies cannot find the people they need in Germany so many have to \u201cimport\u201d engineers from other countries, mostly from Asia where there are plenty of engineers. This has been particularly difficult for Germany, which for many decades has been known for its \u201cengineering\u201d excellence and the world\u2019s fourth largest technology country.<\/p>\n

Last year, new immigration rules were passed among European Union to help fill these job vacancies. The EU Blue Card is designed to get \u201chighly educated\u201d engineers and information technology workers from other countries to obtain work permits in EU countries. A government officer explained: \u201cIt is critical for the German as well as the EU economy to allow more highly skilled workers to immigrate to work here.\u201d To make the transition smoothly for \u201cforeign\u201d engineers, German companies are offering special programs that include information on living in Germany, mentoring, and language classes.<\/p>\n

However, there is competitive for these \u201chighly skilled workers\u201d from other European nations. The United Kingdom (UK), France, Sweden, Denmark also has the same problem with more job openings but few applicants and they are encouraging foreign skilled workers to come and work in their countries. An industry representative said: \u201cToday workers\u2019 mobility is essential in this dynamic and highly competitive world of technology. We need to open up our doors to skilled workers to grow our economy; else we will lose our competitive advantage to other countries.\u201d The root cause of this problem is in the past ten years there was a significant decline in the number of college students studying engineering, computer science, and information system management which is partly due to the result of universities does not keep up with technology changes in curriculum. A professor explained: \u201cIt takes about three years to develop a new training course but technology changes so fast, by the time we complete the course, and it is already obsolete.\u201d<\/p>\n

Throughout Europe, there are job openings in every country with few applicants but there are many unemployed college graduates without jobs. According to the report, Ireland currently has over 5000 software job openings with few qualified applicants. Denmark has 14000 software engineers\u2019 openings. Sweden reported 16000 vacancies for computer professionals in mobile, cloud computing. An industry representative said: \u201cWe need talented and creative engineers but we could not find them because what we need is not what most graduates have. We have to import thousands of skilled workers from India and China but could not fill our need and the situation is keep getting worst.\u201d<\/p>\n

An executive complained: \u201cCompare with others, European education systems are not aggressive enough to meet the need. The academic people moves very slow and they are more risk-averse than the American. They do not like to change so our students suffer and that is why many left to study in the U.S. instead. We lost many talented young people to the U.S. And unlike the U.S., where many academics have become highly successful as entrepreneurs outside the classroom, professors and students can start company based on their research but in Europe, university faculty members are not allowed to participate in commercial activities outside the school. So there is no incentive for faculty to learn something new or do something else besides teaching.\u201d An analyst explained: \u201cMost universities in Europe are state universities. Faculty receives funding from government so there is no inventive to do anything else. For years, this bureaucracy system is slow to change and it hurts students as well as our economy. The U.S. has many private universities, most of their top universities are all private where faculty receives funding from industry and that is why they always update their trainings to meet industry needs and their students are skilled in the latest technologies.\u201d<\/p>\n

With globalization, many U.S. companies are expanding their business to European market. Last year, Facebook opened its office in London, focusing on mobile products with a plan to hire hundreds of workers but only found about 25 developers. Today its website still has many openings in project manager, software engineer, security engineer, and software tools developers. Google also had the similar problem in Europe; it has hired hundreds of software engineers but not enough to meet the company\u2019s demand for its European market. Google is planning to build a new U.K. headquarters in central London with over one million square foot office on a 2.4-acre plot in London\u2019s King\u2019s Cross Central development. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2013 but the question is can they find enough workers to fill that big office? Microsoft is hiring in all countries across Europe to support their development centers in Ireland, Norway, and Denmark but faces the same difficulty of finding qualified workers. Cisco is looking to staff up its office in the U.K but expresses that it is extremely difficult to hire software engineers and mobile specialists. Dell is also looking for storage solutions architect for a remote field office in Denmark with advanced IT infrastructure architecture planning and design implementation skills. A manager said: \u201cWe are looking for graduates with mobile applications, cloud computing and big data analysis. We expect graduates to understand software lifecycle development, system architect, requirements engineering, integration management but many candidates show up with only Java programming skills.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t cao trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3791"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3793,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3791\/revisions\/3793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}