{"id":3785,"date":"2013-11-13T16:42:48","date_gmt":"2013-11-13T09:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3785"},"modified":"2013-11-13T16:42:48","modified_gmt":"2013-11-13T09:42:48","slug":"con-duong-nghe-nghiep-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3785","title":{"rendered":"Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Howard Rhode l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 CMU \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n sinh vi\u00ean cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1eddi anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p cho sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u anh \u1ea5y chia s\u1ebb trong l\u1edbp K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/span><\/p>\n

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Howard: \u201cT\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u1ed3i s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt: c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. CMU \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5, t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p. Sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng; t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho n\u00ean khi t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00edch nghi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho c\u00f4ng ti.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Khi t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng. Sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Sau n\u0103m hay s\u00e1u n\u0103m, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u0169 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i theo n\u00f3 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. U\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n bao g\u1ed3m cho ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01a1i t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Trong vai tr\u00f2 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch mua s\u1eafm c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn mua s\u1eafm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. N\u01a1i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra; hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng cho t\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh c\u00f4ng ti, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cLi\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u0111i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp. V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti t\u00f4i. Vi\u1ec7c CIO c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t cho c\u00f4ng ti. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o k\u0129 c\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch hay CEO t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea1nh tranh cho c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t CIO.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00e0 CIO, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mua s\u1eafm ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti qua email hay c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. CIO ph\u1ea3i bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1eddi gian. Gi\u1eef cho nh\u00f3m CNTT v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1edbm khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho b\u1ea1n v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y cho b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1edbi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 \u1edf b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Career path<\/p>\n

Howard Rhode was one of my students who graduated fifteen years ago. Last week he returned to CMU to recruit students for his company so I asked him to give a talk about his career path to current students. Following was what he shared in my Software Engineering class:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Howard: \u201cI am always surprised at the number of graduates who get a job, stop learning then live in fear when technology changes because they may not be able to keep their job. It is important for students to understand that learning is a natural progression throughout a person\u2019s career. At the beginning of my career, I focused on technical skills: how to be a better tester, programmer, and software developer. CMU had provided me with all these skills so I had no problem at all. Few years later, when I got promoted to team leader, I learned more about tools and methods by taking additional trainings. However, I knew that to advance in my career, I needed more than just technical skills so I started learning about project management and soft skills by taking several courses provided by external companies. After six years of working as a technical person, I knew that I was ready for the next step. Technology is changing fast; I cannot learn everything so when I knew that I could not keep up, it was important that I adapted my skills to new domains. Otherwise I may not increase my value to the company.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs project manager, I was focusing everything on management skills so I could improve my effectiveness and efficiency. As I continued in my job, I kept learning new things as the business world was changing too. Since you are software students, my advice is you should focus on technical skills first because that is what the industry is expected of graduates. After getting a job in the software industry, you must learn how the company operates, how they develop software products or services, and focus on learning about the methods and tools that the company is using. After few years, you should focus on other technical skills that help improve a domain area but at the same time begin to learn new skills for career move, such as into technical management, project management or service management. After five or six years, you should put more efforts into learning people skills, soft skills, and how to managing technical people. Learning is something that starts in one place and continues to other place. The key is to keep on learning.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI have made some good choices in my career; I am always looking for jobs with new learning opportunities. If you are a developer, you should think about where you would like to learn next then actively pursue those opportunities. If you are a project manager, you should think about how to help developers with more learning opportunities. The more you learn the higher value you are to your company. What I have learned from Professor Vu is that life is too short to waste it on something trivial and lifelong learning is a philosophy that he taught and I follow it in my career.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs software projects are getting larger and more complex, the volume of work becomes too large for one person to manage, I learned how to delegate works to others. Delegation involves giving clear instructions and also ensuring that team leaders will execute instructions properly. By learning these new skills, I eventually moved up from project manager to portfolio manager where I managed several projects at the same time. In this new role, I had to coordinate the functioning of multiple large applications that operated from widely dispersed locations. Large company coordinates their operations by developing functional plans that are consistent with each other. For example, production managers develop production plans that support the sales estimates of the sales department. The procurement plans of purchasing department have to ensure timely availability of required supplies to execute the production plans. Planning has to be followed by implementation that involves organizing and control. Managers prepare lists of specific tasks to execute the plans that fall under their responsibility. Some of these tasks might involve considerable organizing, such as assembling facilities and employee teams. Where tasks are assigned to others for execution, portfolio managers have to make sure that these others are properly trained, and given the required resources, to carry out the tasks properly. Finally, portfolio manager must ensure that actual performance is indeed in line with the plans. For this, goals and milestones must be set; performance must be measured and then checked against the goals and milestones. This process is what we call system control. It is control at all levels from lowest level and sales to the company headquarters that ensures achievement of business goals.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTo continue to learn new things, I read many books, articles, and follow industry trends so I am always ready for the next assignment. Since I did well as a portfolio manager and knew a lot of what happened in the industry, I got promoted to Chief Information Officer (CIO) of my company. The CIO job is more than just technical or management as I have to develop good strategy for the company. Large companies are highly visible to the general public, stockholders as well as competitors. If the company is not doing well financially, the stockholders might demand the resignation the president or CEO so I have to think strategically and make sure that information technology will become a key competitor for our company. Businesses operate in a dynamic environment. New technologies and products emerge all the time, competition levels change with new competitors come in, so managing change is one of the key skills of a CIO.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAs the CIO, I have to deal with both technology changes and business changes. When market changes, production must change and purchasing managers have to revise their original plan according to these changes. These directions must be communicated throughout the company via emails or public announcement. CIO has to cope with all these changes as well as many uncertainties. I have to deal with unexpected changes from users, from customers, from internal managers and external suppliers. The unpredictable nature of this type of work requires a high level of time-management skills. Keeping the IT group operates efficiently and effective with all these pressures is critical but I did well because I always kept an open mind for learning new things. I can conclude that my successful in the industry is based on my attitude of continuous learning.\u201d<\/p>\n

My advice to all of you is lifelong learning is an attitude that you must develop early when you are still in school. If you think that having a degree and getting a job are the ultimate goals then you are making a big mistake. By NOT learning new things you deny yourself a good opportunity to move up, to succeed and to build a good career. By NOT learning new things, you will always live in fear because you do not know what will happen to you as you have no control of your career. By NOT learning new things, you do not have a career path that will get you to advance to be a professional. Basically, to start from a tester to programmer then to developer, you only need to learn from what university teaches you but to move up to project manager, portfolio manager, to director and Chief Information Officer (CIO) you need more trainings, more learning and that is up to you to fulfill your career path. In this dynamic environment, everything is changing and the best way to succeed is to keep an open mind to learn new things because everything is a learning opportunity.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Howard Rhode l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 CMU \u0111\u1ec3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3785"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3787,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785\/revisions\/3787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}