{"id":3763,"date":"2013-11-04T08:44:38","date_gmt":"2013-11-04T01:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3763"},"modified":"2013-11-04T08:44:38","modified_gmt":"2013-11-04T01:44:38","slug":"an-do-va-xu-huong-toan-cau-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3763","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Krishnan Patel m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m CMU v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Krishnan: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong cung c\u1ea5p kinh doanh l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ean $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kinh doanh n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong khi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn ra ngo\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nhanh nh\u01b0 KFC, McDonald, Pizza Hut, v\u00e0 Starbuck t\u1edbi, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, ti\u1ec7m tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee1 v\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 con ph\u1ed1 hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cNh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ebd b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1eafng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thanh to\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201c\u0110\u00edch x\u00e1c, c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111ang th\u00fac b\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cNh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cTo\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y n\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Infosys, TCS, Wipro hay HCL \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi IBM, Accenture, EDS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi l\u00e0m kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo \u201cc\u00e1ch c\u0169\u201d v\u1edbi \u201ct\u01b0 duy c\u0169\u201d v\u00ec lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ebb cho n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y quan li\u00eau. Khi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m nom; ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111e do\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec. T\u01b0 duy c\u0169 l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea1i sao thay \u0111\u1ed5i?\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111i v\u00e0o, h\u1ecd thanh to\u00e1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n Wal Mart m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Wal Mart cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1i g\u00ec. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u01b0a th\u00edch thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi “t\u01b0 duy c\u0169”. Ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn “ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p” nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Sinh vi\u00ean: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp? \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cTuy nhi\u00ean khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi “t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi”. C\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng c\u0169 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra c\u1ea1nh tranh trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh v\u00e0 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n nhanh sang khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 tr\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi KFC, McDonald, Starbuck v.v. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi City Bank, Bank of America v.v. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t; h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. D\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t cho bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang l\u00e0m kinh doanh kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u0129. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nam M\u0129 v.v…\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean: \u201c\u00d4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cN\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i hay c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, 38% l\u00e0 trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, 23% l\u00e0 trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n CNTT, 19% trong xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, 12% trong b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u1ec9. Qu\u00e3ng 32% c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee1 $20 \u2013 $100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 36% c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa $100 – $350 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 25% m\u1ecdi n\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111i theo n\u00f3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Khi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

India and globalization trends<\/p>\n

Last week, Krishnan Patel an economics professor from India visited CMU and I invited him to give a lecture to my students. Following was what he shared with students in my globalization class.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cIndia companies are concerned with global competition even they have been very successful in taking the advantage of globalization. For many years India has been successful in providing IT outsourcing business, has achieved over $100 Billion dollars in revenue and created million of new jobs in India. However technology is changing fast but the education system is not be able to catch up so currently this business is beginning to slow down. At the same time, as India is looking outward, more foreign companies are moving in and compete with local companies. Before fast food companies like KFC, McDonald, Pizza Hut, and Starbuck came, India had million of small restaurants, tea and coffee shops but now the number is about a third of what was. Before large foreign construction companies came, there were hundred thousands of mid-sized construction companies but today only few thousands left. Basically globalization is a two ways street and you must be careful to balance the flow, else you may be at a disadvantage.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Student: \u201cBut globalization is about competition. Better managed companies will expand to new markets and win, not so well managed companies will be wiped out. However competition will benefit consumers for better quality, services, and prices.\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cExactly, competition will lower price, increase quality so to stay competitive India must improve its education system to develop more skilled managers, especially the middle level to manage companies so they can compete with foreigners and survive. We have to learn how global companies are operating. We have to learn how these companies are leveraging technology to boost innovation, strengthen customer relationships, and expand their businesses. That means India need to have both effective and efficient management system in place to compete and grow. In this case, the most important is to have a better education system to develop the next generation of managers and business leaders.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Student: \u201cBut how could small local companies expand and become global companies when others big companies already dominate the market?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cGlobalization is about new opportunity and every company, regardless big or small, will have the same opportunity if they know how to seize it. It may take time for small company to expand the business globally but many Indian companies are doing it with the help of technology. If you look back twenty years ago, Infosys, TCS, Wipro or HCL were all small local companies with few hundred workers but they all grew to large global companies with hundred thousand workers and compete with IBM, Accenture, EDS and others. It is really about having good vision, good leaderships and better managers. They knew how to seize the opportunity when the needs come and succeed. These are young companies that represent the new India, the new generation of leaders and new way of doing business.<\/p>\n

For many years most Indian companies did not pay attention to technology. They did thing the \u201cOld ways\u201d with \u201cOld thinking\u201d because labor was cheap so most local companies were not efficient and full of bureaucracy. As long as they were profitable, they did not care; as long as nothing threatens their jobs, they did not think much about improving anything. The old thinking was \u201cWe are doing well, why change?\u201d However when foreign companies moved in, they wiped out most of these inefficient companies and suddenly everybody was concerned. It is too late for most managers as they were losing their jobs and their dignity. Let me give you an example, every time Wal Mart opens a store in a city, about hundred small businesses shut down and thousands of managers lost their jobs. Workers do not have problem as they can work for Wal Mart so to them it is just a matter of switching jobs. Managers cannot do that as they spend more time in meetings rather than managing anything. They do not have the skills that foreign companies need. Foreign companies prefer to hire young college graduates and train them than hiring experienced managers with \u201cold thinking\u201d. Today India has hundred thousands of \u201cunemployed middle level managers\u201d many with twenty or thirty of experiences and they complained loudly about globalization and changes.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Student: \u201cWhat happen next? What do you think about globalization and its impact to your country?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cHowever as many old companies are gone, new companies begin to appear. These are the next generation of company that managed by younger managers, many are college graduates with \u201cnew thinking\u201d. There is basic change in mindset and operation of these companies and they are challenging old established companies which open up competition among local companies. There younger companies are using technology tools such as business management software, mobile technology, analytics and social media to drive cost efficiencies, optimize the supply chain, improve product and service development, and improve innovation. As new companies are doing well with better profits, they expand the business. Currently many of them are technology companies but it is changing fast and move quickly to other areas. Globalization changes many things and creates more opportunities because there are new types of restaurants, coffee and tea houses that compete with KFC, McDonald, Starbuck etc. There are new banks, new financial companies that compete with City Bank, Bank of America etc. The change is happening quickly with the new generation of younger people. They are the generation that is well educated; they understand the need to adapt to global marketplace so currently India is in the middle of a significant business transformation. A key driver for this transformation is to seize the opportunities in expanding markets by entering new geographic markets. Indian companies are now doing business across the world, including Europe and the US. They are also looking at emerging markets such as South East Asia, Middle East and South America etc…\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Student: \u201cWhat do you think is the key success of these companies?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cIt is education. Many of these company\u2019s owners and managers are graduating from foreign universities or having experiences in foreign companies and they understand the need to change as well as the opportunities. They combine their expertise with the available of India workforce to seize the opportunity and expand their companies. Among them, 38% are in manufacturing, 23% are in IT professional services and consultation, 19% are in foods exports and imports, 12% are in retail and wholesale. About 32% have revenues of $20 \u2013 $100 Million dollars and 36% have revenues between $100 – $350 Million dollars. The weakness of these companies is they do not have enough skilled workers to continue their growth and that is why they pressure for more improvement in education. If we have another million skilled workers, I think these companies could have a 25% growth rate every year and create at least 10 million new jobs for India.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Student: \u201cSo do you think India will be one of the most powerful countries in this 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century?\u201d<\/p>\n

Krishnan: \u201cIndia has many problems that it must solve in order to be a powerful nation. However it is changing to the right direction and everything is caused by the younger generation that grows up with information technology. These people understand what does it take to succeed in this globalized world and they go after it. I think having a good education system is the first step to change the thinking of our people. When their minds change, many things can be accomplished.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Krishnan Patel m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m CMU v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3763"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3765,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3763\/revisions\/3765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}