{"id":3687,"date":"2013-10-22T13:03:49","date_gmt":"2013-10-22T06:03:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3687"},"modified":"2013-10-22T13:03:49","modified_gmt":"2013-10-22T06:03:49","slug":"cuoc-chien-yen-tinh-ve-cong-nhan-co-ki-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3687","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Tri th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti hay s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sang v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i “gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, Coca Cola \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, Apple v\u00e0 Google l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M\u0129. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Rockefellers, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, v\u00e0 J.P Morgan nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Bill Gates, Larry Ellison, Sergey Brin, v\u00e0 Marc Zuckerberg.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi nay \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, Italy v.v… Trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao. Trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb $250 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m CNTT v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1edfi World Economic Forum n\u0103m 2012 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u00eam 26 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong khi T\u00e2y \u00c2u s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u00eam 46 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt “di tr\u00fa m\u1edf” \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u0129 d\u00f9ng visa H1B nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao; Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n visa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Singapore c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3; Israel m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n Nga v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, v.v. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: T\u1eeb gi\u1edd tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00e2u t\u00f3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m \u201cc\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng\u201d v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ed3i. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00ec ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi di tr\u00fa m\u1edf, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u1edf v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ecd qua nh\u1eefng m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5 “to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u”. Qui t\u1eafc m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “m\u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng” v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao Microsoft, Google, IBM, Oracle, Facebook v.v. \u0111ang m\u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kinh qua vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a World Economic Forum \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng do b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a World Economy Forum \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “h\u1ecdc qua ghi nh\u1edb” c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. So v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u00f3i) cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang gi\u00e0 \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u gia t\u0103ng th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong khi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb gi\u1eefa 20 v\u00e0 40 tu\u1ed5i co l\u1ea1i do lu\u1eadt “m\u1ed9t con” nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111ang lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd c\u00e1c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The quiet war on skilled workers<\/p>\n

For over two hundred years, countries competed and fought over natural resources, but today they compete and fight over skilled workers. A quiet global war for skilled workers is already underway but few people would notice.<\/em><\/p>\n

In the Knowledge Age, the value of a company or the wealth of a country will change from natural resources to human capital. Even today, many people cannot comprehend the \u201cinvisible value\u201d of human capital but if you look at the economic index of developed countries, you will see that knowledge industry has occupied a central part of their economies. For example, for over hundred years, Coca Cola was the symbol of the U.S wealth as it is sold all over the world but today, Apple and Google are the new representatives of U.S Wealth. Not long ago, U.S. billionaires were Rockefellers, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, and J.P Morgan but today they are Bill Gates, Larry Ellison, Sergey Brin, and Marc Zuckerberg.<\/p>\n

During any transition, there are countries leaders who choose to stay idle, and wait because they do not know what to do because the new thing is difficult to understand. In the past, Chinese Emperor decided to stay idle, not changing then was humiliated by foreigners who invaded and exploited China. Japanese Emperor quickly adopted the new thing and modernized its country by improve its education system to catch up with western countries and grew to be a powerful nation. Today history is repeating itself but this time it happens in Europe as some countries decided to stay idle and wait for better time then have their own economic meltdown as happens in Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy etc… In the transition from industrial to knowledge age, there are countries who know how to seize this opportunities by investing in technology education to develop the next generation of leaders and skilled workers. For example, India, once a major exporter of low cost unskilled workers, has evolved into a center of highly-skilled Information Technology (IT) expertise. In less than twenty years, it has changed from $250 million dollars in exporting unskilled workers to over $100 Billion dollars in exporting IT products and created several million new jobs for its economy.<\/p>\n

Today, most developed countries are facing shortages of specific IT skills, and need to \u201cimport\u201d more IT workers to meet these requirements. A recent study, by the World Economic Forum in 2012 had indicated that the US will need to add 26 million workers to its workforce by 2030 to sustain its economic growth, while Western Europe will need to add 46 million. The question is where do they find these skilled workers? The solution is having an \u201copen immigration\u201d laws to get highly skilled workers from other countries to come and work. The U.S uses the H1B visa as a way of opening doors to highly-skilled people; UK and European countries develop special work visa that facilitate the flow of skilled workers to their countries. Singapore has special policies which attract highly skilled workers to work there; Israel opens its doors to Russian and European migrants to work in its high-tech area, etc. A well known economist declared: From now on the world is not going to war to capture natural resources, but will go to a different war to capture \u201cskilled workers\u201d and this global war is already underway. In this knowledge age, countries that have more skilled workers will dominate as technology innovation is the new factor of economy power.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even with open immigration, it is impossible to bring in millions of workers and their families into a country without confronting local people who fear of losing jobs to new immigrants. Another option is to set up development and research centers in various countries to get skilled workers wherever they are and connecting them through communication links and collaborative work platforms to create a \u201cglobal\u201d team. The new rule of the knowledge industry is to \u201copen work center where skilled workers are\u201d and that is why Microsoft, Google, IBM, Oracle, Facebook etc. are opening development centers all over the world to attract more skilled workers.<\/p>\n

For many years, two countries that have significant number of unskilled workers were China and India but as the world is transitioning to the knowledge age both are experiencing a shortage of skilled workers in technology areas. The World Economic Forum study indicated that India will NOT have enough skilled workers to help improve its economy as most of its skilled workers already left the country for jobs somewhere else. The \u201cbrain drain\u201d symptom has robbed India of its future. China will have severe problems in the future as it does not have enough middle level managers to manage its factories, and construction due to its obsessed on low skilled labors in manufacturing rather than develop its own managers. China has graduated several million graduates each year, but questions are being raised about the quality of their education and whether they have the necessary skills for its growing industry. The study of the World Economy Forum had concluded that the “learning by memorization” of the Chinese education system means its graduates often lack the practical experiences and soft-skills required in the modern business world. Graduates from this educational system rely mostly on remember facts but have no idea how to apply them to solve problems. Compare with India, China\u2019s graduates also lack of foreign language skills (Especially spoken English) so their graduates may not be able to compete in the near future. As China’s rapid economic growth with many foreign companies setting up offices and factories, its education has not be able to produce a quality middle level managers who can manage these factories efficiently so they have to bring in foreign managers. At the same time,\u00a0China’s population was aging rapidly which add another heavy burden to its economy while the number of young people in their 20s and 40s was shrinking due to the strict “one child” laws which will prevent any future economy improvement.<\/p>\n

Currently both of these countries are worrying about losing their best and brightest skilled workers to other western countries and begin to create barriers to prevent the \u201cbrain drain\u201d phenomena but so far they are not so effective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3687"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3688,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3687\/revisions\/3688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}