{"id":3670,"date":"2013-10-06T07:46:07","date_gmt":"2013-10-06T00:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3670"},"modified":"2013-10-06T07:46:07","modified_gmt":"2013-10-06T00:46:07","slug":"phuong-phap-day","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3670","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi l\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng sang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc cho l\u1edbp<\/strong>. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hai sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho 10 ph\u00fat tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho l\u1edbp (t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa.) Sau b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn hai sinh vi\u00ean n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y g\u00e2y l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ebfm khi hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n hay c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u1edbp hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ra qui t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho l\u1edbp hay n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc cho l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngang v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n V\u00c0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, h\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cho n\u00ean sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hay t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00cdch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. T\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd b\u1ea1n th\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teaching method<\/p>\n

A teacher wrote to me: \u201cMy students do not like to read before the class. They often come to class unprepared and expect that I explain everything in lecture. How can I encourage them to read more since class time is limited?\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: If you continue to teach by lecturing then students will continue to come to class and listening to what you teach rather than to learn by reading materials before coming to class. A better way is to change the teaching method from lecturing to class discussing and asking them to answer questions that they must read ahead to know the answers. Following is a simple method that I used:<\/p>\n

Students are asked to read a technical article<\/strong>\u00a0and be prepared come to class to present what they have read to the class. I will ask for volunteer but if no one volunteers than I will randomly select two students to do the presentation. Each is given 10 minutes presentation to the class (I also remind them that this will help improve their presentation skills too.) After the students\u2019 presentation, I will select two more students to tell the class about what part of the reading that they do not understand, and briefly discuss why these concepts are confusing. Students seldom understand everything in a technical reading but they rarely ask the teacher to explain. By having them identify these confusing issues, it reflects their level of understanding of the reading’s content. Based on their inputs, I can explain in detail to make sure that the class understands them. Sometime their confusing issues or questions may go beyond the reading content. Some reflects students’ curiosity about the topic and reveals what they think about the reading content. This will let me know how well the class understands the reading assignment.<\/p>\n

To encourage students to read I set a rule that student who present to the class or raise questions about the reading for the class to discuss will receive a score similar to a weekly quiz AND they do not have to take the weekly quiz. Most students do not like to have quiz\u00a0on Friday, they prefer to read and present to the class so they volunteer to read and present rather than take the quiz. I was amazed at how many students are willing to read before the class to avoid a quiz so after several weeks, almost every student would read and volunteer to present or volunteer to raise questions to the class to discuss.<\/p>\n

Of course, I judged the presentation and the questions carefully before given the score but I found that most presentations were thoughtful and reflected their understanding in the reading. Because many students read carefully, class discussions were also more in-depth. Students made meaningful comments and debated the most significant aspects of the technical article, all with substantially less help from me.<\/p>\n

The benefit of class discussion to lecturing was that I could identify areas where students were experiencing difficulty and those that they knew well. Most students told me that by preparing to present in class they learn more in reading, it made them think deeply about the readings. They also gain better confidence in their capability to present, to discuss because to do that they had to read the article carefully. I recommend you to try this simple teaching method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi l\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3672,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3670\/revisions\/3672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}