{"id":364,"date":"2013-06-18T22:53:10","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=364"},"modified":"2013-06-18T22:53:10","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:53:10","slug":"cong-nghe-va-viec-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=364","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb suy tho\u00e1i. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ecb qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u1eady.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111ang b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0m, n\u01a1i thu\u00ea v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao v\u00e0o \u0111\u0129a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf Mexico, n\u01a1i c\u0169ng thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. C\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u0169ng thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb website v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0129a n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n sao n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e1n l\u1ebb n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Trong suy tho\u00e1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng khi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn ch\u1edd th\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quay l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quay l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e1y robotic v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u thay v\u00ec \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. V\u1edbi robot m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1edbi th\u01b0 k\u00ed v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1eefa t\u1eebng n\u0103m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i do vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf app di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho kinh t\u1ebf th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u01a1n ba th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Robots v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m \u00edt sai l\u1ea7m h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00ec gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 robots \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng trong t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1eed l\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u01b0 k\u00ed tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m giao t\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng; ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n (ATM) cho c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd mua g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y laptop hay \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y? H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1eeb phi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ti s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. N\u00f3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi n\u0103m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1edf Italy v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang trong suy tho\u00e1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel vi\u1ebft: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang kinh qua l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1o l\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00ed, hay h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. (Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp.) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thu\u00ea v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. T\u1edd Wall Street Journal b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf gi\u1eefa suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Davos Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa; b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00edt ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 cho khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi h\u01a1n cho khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tranh c\u00e3i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang ng\u00e0y th\u00eam nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Euro \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft th\u00fac. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c 12.6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 30%. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy \u0111\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang kinh qua t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd “kho\u00e1n trong” v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng robots r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Khi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Foxconn, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p iPhones, iPads t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u robots trong ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf s\u1edbm). Ngay c\u1ea3\u00a0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng kinh qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh khi h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00edn tr\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd, v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Technology and jobs<\/p>\n

According to an economic report, there is a major issue that will impact countries that are still struggled to recover from the recession. The report warned that several millions jobs will be permanently wiped out in most developing countries and\u00a0the situation<\/a>\u00a0is even getting worse than it appears.<\/p>\n

The report states that most of the jobs that were gone will never return and millions new jobs will be eliminated as they are being replaced by technology. In the past few years, the advance of technology has reached the point where software that runs computers and machines becomes more powerful and capable of doing more efficiently tasks than humans. The application of automated systems has penetrated many places and replacing people as companies are hurrying to install these systems to reduce costs and increase profits.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, an owner explained to me that software companies had to put their software on disks and ship them to customers. Most disks were made by a company in Japan that hired several thousand people; the software was copied into disks by a company in Mexico, who also hired hundreds of people. The software products were put in packages that needed several hundred workers to do that before send to retail stores. Shipping companies and post offices hired many people and of course, retail stores also hired a lot of people. Now all of that change as customers can just downloaded the software from the website into their computers. No more disks, no more copies, no more packaging, no more shipping, no more retailing, and of course no more people needed. The entire process is fully automated and it is easier to avoid hiring people by taking advantage of technology.<\/p>\n

During the recession, most people hope that when the economy improves, things will be back to normal so they are patiently wait for better time when the jobs return. The reality is most manual labor jobs that are gone will not return as expected. Today robotic machines and smart technology have already replaced people. The global economy is being reshaped by machines that can collect and analyze a lot of data in the stock markets, financial and banking industry. Many machines can perform works more efficiency in manufacturing and offices all over the world. With the popularity of devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, people can work anywhere instead of go to offices. With powerful robots that can do most of the heavy works that usually need many workers, company do not need to hire more people like in the past. Basically, the entire job market, from manufacturing labor workers to office secretaries, are beginning to disappear and it already happened.<\/p>\n

Economists warn that this trend is only the beginning. They predict the loss of millions more jobs each year as technology becomes even more sophisticated and penetrates into every society. Of course, some occupations are beneficiaries of the expansion of technology, such as software engineers and mobile app designers for smartphones and tablet computers and these people are enjoying the best job market in years as their salaries are still shooting upward. At the same time, technology is eliminating more labor jobs and put many people out of work and many countries into unstable situation as there are no jobs to support the economy anymore.<\/p>\n

For more than three decades, technology has drastically reduced the number of jobs in manufacturing. Robots and other machines controlled by computer work faster and make fewer mistakes than humans. Now, that same efficiency is being applied everywhere as the prices of software, hardware, automated machines, and robots are getting more affordable. Technology begins to eliminate jobs in offices, retails, and businesses that people often deal with every day. For example, instead of secretaries to answer phones, today you have answering machines who can take message. In the past you have bank tellers to help you with your bank transaction; today you use Automated Teller Machines (ATM) for most bank transactions. Not long ago people purchase things in stores, today they buy almost everything from online stores using laptop or smartphone. What happen to people who used to work in those jobs? They no longer have jobs unless they learn new skills and get other jobs.<\/p>\n

Today technology is being used by all kinds of company. It is replacing workers in large companies as well as small companies, well known corporations as well as start-ups. It is being used in schools, hospitals, government, and even the military. It expands at faster pace than people have anticipated and getting faster every year as technology is still changing. The most being impacted are labor workers, people with less than a college education, people who use their manual labor for a living, people who doing tasks those machines can do. As technology becomes more sophisticated, many jobs will be replaced, mostly in government offices where people used to believe that they are protected. It already happened in Europe as the situations of Greece, Spain, and Portugal and possible soon in Italy and France as governments cannot afford to spend when their economies are in recession with high unemployment.<\/p>\n

A well known Nobel economist wrote: \u201cToday technology\u00a0is replacing workers regardless of their politics, policies and laws. Government\u00a0rules\u00a0may slowdown the dismissal of workers, but no country can prohibit companies from using technology that allows them to operate more efficiently with fewer employees. The only way is to massively educate their people on technology and be part of the solution rather than be victims of the problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today many companies are expanding and becoming global enterprises that no longer under any country\u2019s control. If a country sets unfavorable rules, they just move to another country. Because of the advancement in technology, many companies are experiencing huge profits, much larger than ever recorded in history. If you look at the stock market and financial reports, you will see many companies reported profit in several billion dollars per quarter, or hundred billion dollar per year. (Please note that these are profit, not revenue.) All of these companies are expanding their business and hiring more workers, some reported that they want to hire several thousand people per month but could not find enough skilled workers. The Wall Street Journal reported that technology companies account for much of the job growth in the past twenty years, even in the middle of the recession.<\/p>\n

Last week economists and government officers met to discuss this situation in Davos Switzerland. Some economists warned that governments must create retraining programs for millions of workers to learn new skills to get them to work again; else the world will fall into a much deeper recession. However, few governments have money to spend on retraining so most prefer to let the private sector to do that. A government officer argued that technological change over the past thirty years has created more profits to the private sectors and if they need high skilled workers they should train them. The private sector disagreed as they believe that it is the government\u2019s job to improve education and reduce unemployment else it would be difficult for any government to remain in power for long. The debate is still going on with no conclusion and possible they will continue to debate for the next few years. In the mean time the situation is getting worse.<\/p>\n

In Europe, the situation is getting more severe.\u00a0 All countries that use the Euro were already in a deep recession with no end in sight. The current unemployment rate is a record 12.6 percent but the number of unemployed college graduates has reached over 30%. Without appropriate action, the future of these young people will be very bleak.<\/p>\n

The situation is Asia begin to deteriorate quickly. Countries like India and China are experiencing slow grow and high unemployment. The cheap labor model that they relied on to make products for export is no longer working as many countries are now \u201cinsourcing\u201d and using robots which are cheaper and better. As exports are declining, companies are also beginning to apply technology to their manufacturing process. For example, Foxconn, which assembles iPhones, iPads at factories in China is planning to install one million robots over three years to replace most of its workers. (It is possible that half million workers will be replaced soon). Even Japan also experienced substantial unemployment and drop in opening jobs for college graduates. Economists warned that these changes in major players such as China, Japan and India will have significant impact on other developing countries as most are not changing fast enough as they will face more years of high unemployment, social unrest, divisive politics, and falling living standards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=364"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":366,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions\/366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}