{"id":3601,"date":"2013-09-17T23:11:22","date_gmt":"2013-09-17T16:11:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3601"},"modified":"2013-09-17T23:11:22","modified_gmt":"2013-09-17T16:11:22","slug":"khoi-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3601","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129. N\u0103m nay (2013), c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng # 3 trong 100 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi U.S News v\u00e0 World Report. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, CMU c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa. Khi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Barack Obama t\u1edbi th\u0103m CMU th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a CMU v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel v\u00e0 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Turin (m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel cho khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh). Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1n 300 c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 9,000 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong 15 n\u0103m qua. CMU \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, khi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra trung t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u01a1i \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp ba \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Harvard n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo MIT, Stanford v\u00e0 Carnegie Mellon, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Harvard s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, khi H\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, CMU \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u danh s\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129, \u201cKh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p\u201d l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang d\u00f9ng “h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” v\u00e0 “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m” c\u1ee7a CMU, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c.\u00a0Nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Carnegie Mellon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra trong nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Carnegie Mellon \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng quanh Pittsburgh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u1ecdc “k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh” \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0n l\u00e2m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea1i CMU c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c qua c\u00e1c khoa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u1ed1 Wall l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, CMU bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 giao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf CMU, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u201d Ch\u00ednh “c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a CMU t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CMU n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c CMU l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb hoang mang trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 sang kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CMU \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u00fac b\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m, CMU \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay. N\u0103m 1955, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Herbert Simon (gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel 1978) v\u00e0 Allan Newell \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra \u201cTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129. N\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y cho Big Data m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u0103m 1970, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jack Thorne \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf M\u0129. N\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Trung t\u00e2m Donald Jones cho kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u0103m 1977, James Gosling m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cJava\u201d m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay. N\u0103m 1974, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Raj Reddy v\u00e0 Angel Jordan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7n Robotics v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o robotics hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u robot n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh Mars Rovers l\u00ean sao Ho\u1ea3 v\u00e0 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i. N\u0103m 1987, Watts Humphrey \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c – Capability Maturity Model (CMM) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103m 1994, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Michael Mauldin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Lycos, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm internet \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1999 khi Google \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. N\u0103m 2002, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean JonathanRothberg \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y “tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen DNA” l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ec7 gen.\u00a0N\u0103m 2004, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 William Red Whittaker \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb Los Angeles t\u1edbi Las Vegas, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

CMU \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khoa b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u hay h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc g\u00ec. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong khoa kinh doanh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i CMU n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong m\u1ecdi khoa \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i CMU c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y k\u00e8m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho sinh vi\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho t\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1ea1i CMU c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u00a0m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf hay kinh doanh nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v.v. l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi kh\u00e1t khao t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i CMU n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec7u hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p CMU bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u CMU r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y bay, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v.v nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i CMU, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i videogames. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Amazon, Zappos, v\u00e0 Zynga v.v. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 phi v\u1eadt l\u00ed, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ph\u1ed1 Wall g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

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Enterpreneurships<\/p>\n

For many years, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is known as one of the best universities in the U.S. This year (2013), the Computer Science and Software Engineering programs are ranked # 3 among the top 100 schools by U.S News and World Report. Recently, CMU is also considered as the best school for entrepreneurship too. When President Barack Obama visited CMU last June, he specifically mentioned CMU\u2019s record of success in entrepreneurship. He said: \u201cNo one would have imagined that a school for the sons and daughters of steelworkers would become one of the top global universities with 18 Nobel Prizes winners and 10 Turin Awards (A similar to Nobel Prizes for computer science). Innovations led by professors and students have created more than 300 successful companies and over 9,000 new jobs created over the past 15 years. CMU has become the gold standard for entrepreneurship in American universities.\u201d<\/p>\n

Last year, when HarvardUniversity announced the creation of its own entrepreneurial center, it noted that it was playing catch-up to three other universities that already had many years ahead. The Harvard director said: \u201cWe are chasing after MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon, the three pioneers of entrepreneurship in America.\u201d He noted that Harvard would have to learn from those schools and it was the first time, the top school in the world admitted that they need to learn from others. Few months after that, when the Association of Technology Managers gathered to rate how effective universities were at creating start-up companies, CMU topped the list of all American universities.<\/p>\n

Today across America, \u201cEntrepreneurship\u201d is the new trends in universities and many are using CMU\u2019s \u201cactive learning\u201d and \u201cexperiential method\u201d that focuses on develops real skills.\u00a0As President Obama noted, the success of entrepreneurship at Carnegie Mellon is found in its origins. The first generations of Carnegie Mellon students were mostly the sons and daughters of steelworkers from factories around Pittsburgh who preferred to learn \u201cpractical skills\u201d for problem-solving rather abstract academic theories. At CMU collaboration across departments to solve real problems was encouraged and this attracted students who were interested at approaching problems from different views. The Wall Street Journal noted that even in the early days of the industrial age, CMU had always produced a different kind of graduates who operated at the intersection of technology and business. The author wrote: \u201cThe traditional industry theory dictates that the workers work in factories, and managers work in offices. The managers make all decisions, and the workers just do the works. But at CMU, it is difference, as workers are trained to learn what is happening in the business offices, and managers are trained to go into factories to see how things are done.\u201d It is this \u201cinterdisciplinary collaboration\u201d was unique at that time that leads to many innovations in the steel industry and that is why CMU\u2019s approach to problem solving is well known and being taught all over the world.<\/p>\n

If you ask any CMU graduates, they will tell you that the advantage of a CMU education is that they are not just taught about existing technology but also future technology and its impacts. Today while graduates from other schools are confused during the transition from an 20th<\/sup>\u00a0century industrial economy to an 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century informational economy, CMU graduates had already been trained on this subject and ready to leverage emergent technologies to solve current problems. Over the years, this pragmatic problem-solving approach had evolved into an entrepreneurial mindset. For more than 100 years history, CMU has been a birthplace of innovation. From laboratories and classrooms in school, these ideas have grown to shape the world that we are living today. In 1955, Professor Herbert Simon (Nobel prizes 1978) and Allan Newell invented \u201cArtificial Intelligence\u201d and developed the first computer that could think. It eventually became the foundation of machine learning algorithms for Big Data that most companies are using today to solve complex problems. In 1970, Professor Jack Thorne created the first entrepreneurship course to be taught in the U.S. It eventually became the DonaldJonesCenter for entrepreneurship to train students to become entrepreneurs. In 1977, James Gosling a PhD student created a new programming language called \u201cJava\u201d that become one of the most popular language today. In 1974, Professors Raj Reddy and Angel Jordan created the Robotics institutes and develop the first modern robotics training program in the world, which over the past several years have created many well known robots, including the Mars Rovers and self-driven cars. In 1987, Watts Humphrey developed the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) to improve the software process and today the model is being used all over the world as a quality standard. In 1994, Professor Michael Mauldin developed Lycos, the first internet search engine that become the most popular among users until 1999 when Google was created. In 2002, a Ph.D Student named JonathanRothberg developed the first \u201cGene DNA sequencing\u201d machine that completely revolutionizes the biotechnology industry by reducing the cost of sequencing the genome.\u00a0In 2004, Professor William Red Whittaker developed the first computer control self-driving car in the world where the car drives itself from Los Angeles to Las Vegas, and begins a new trend of self driving car.<\/p>\n

CMU has succeeded because it always encourages collaboration between departments regardless of where students come from or what they study. In other universities, entrepreneurship is mostly taught in business department, but at CMU it is taught in every department to encourage the creative energies across the university toward developing start-ups and new technologies. At CMU there are industry mentors who are willing to support students to take an idea from development to fully commercialize. At CMU there is a clear distinction between small business entrepreneurship and technology entrepreneurship, \u00a0although small business entrepreneurship or small business such as restaurants, small retail stores etc. do very well but they seldom aspire to grow into million dollars business. The technology entrepreneurships is the key focus at CMU where students develop vision and technologies that could change the market resulting in companies that can grow to million or even billion dollars business. That is why the foundation of CMU startups is always based in science and technology which CMU is well known. The industrial revolution of the 20th<\/sup>\u00a0century was based on product or physical objects such as cars, airplanes, machines etc. but at CMU, students were created a second industrial revolution with products that were not in physical form such as software, scientific formulas, and videogames. They created new companies and new industry such as Amazon, Zappos, and Zynga etc. Because products are non-physical, startups can happen much faster than companies that develop physical products and grow faster because they do not need a lot of money to start and that is why Wall Street analysts called it the new information revolution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129. N\u0103m nay (2013), c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3601"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3602,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3601\/revisions\/3602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}