{"id":3579,"date":"2013-09-08T21:58:29","date_gmt":"2013-09-08T14:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3579"},"modified":"2013-09-08T21:58:29","modified_gmt":"2013-09-08T14:58:29","slug":"xe-hoi-tu-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3579","title":{"rendered":"Xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay phim vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc, xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i hay xe h\u01a1i robot t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. N\u0103m 2007, CMU \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c L\u1edbn, cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i \u0111i t\u1eeb Los Angeles t\u1edbi Las Vegas n\u01a1i c\u00e1c xe h\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua tr\u00ean tr\u0103m ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cD\u1ec5 l\u00e0m xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn xe h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai n\u1ea1n?\u201d N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, CMU \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai n\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 camera s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi 100% ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai n\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xe t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho ph\u00e9p xe h\u01a1i \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa l\u1ed9 l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam th\u1ea5m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m v\u00f4 l\u0103ng l\u00e1i xe. Xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n \u00f4 t\u00f4. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra tai n\u1ea1n v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1uk hi\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Carnegie Mellon: m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi xe h\u01a1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c xe n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau qua t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t xe c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0n tr\u00ean xa l\u1ed9, n\u00f3 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c xe kh\u00e1c \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t xe \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, xe kh\u00e1c \u0111i sau bi\u1ebft trong v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n, t\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a CMU b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi hai xe tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi 100% ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c xe kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u xe h\u01a1i, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 100% an to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe n\u00e0o \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u00e0n n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean hai m\u01b0\u01a1i xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 100 kil\u00f4 m\u00e9t m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0n nhanh, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi xa l\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, hay d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m xe h\u01a1i \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho xe h\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cV\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong t\u1eebng xe h\u01a1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong c\u00e1c xe h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 CMU \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xe kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a CMU \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb s\u00e2n bay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch xa qu\u00e3ng 40 kil\u00f4 m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng xe n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n.\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc Cadillac SXR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xa l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ra \u0111a, m\u00e1y \u0111o xa b\u1eb1ng la de, v\u00e0 camera h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. Chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 65 d\u1eb7m m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd tr\u00ean xa l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i khi \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecbt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. Sau \u0111\u00f3 CMU b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti xe h\u01a1i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Self driving cars<\/p>\n

After many decades of seeing self-driving cars in science fiction books or movies, the self-driving car is now a reality. For years, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is known for its research on self-driving cars or autonomous robotic cars. In 2007, CMU won the Grand Challenge, a race of several self-driving cars to go from Los Angeles to Las Vegas where the cars must travel over hundred of very sharp left and right turns in the winding mountain passes with different elevation and dangerous tunnels. After that people said: \u201cIt is easy to build a self driving car but in a freeway with thousands of other cars, how can you avoid an accident?\u201d It raised the challenge to another level and after few more years of research, CMU has created a new self-driving car that can avoid accident. With advanced computers and high-quality digital cameras and sensors, it possible to build cars that can drive themselves and prove with 100% certainty, that they will be able to avoid accidents.<\/p>\n

Self-driving cars are desirable because computer-controlled systems are more accurate than humans. Sophisticated computers allow cars to travel along narrow streets as well as large freeways smoothly without people at the driving wheel. Self-driving cars also have the potential to reduce the loss of human lives in automobile accidents. The problem is people cause accidents because they all react in different ways to a given situation, and with different response times but for computer control cars, it always reacts according to specific instructions and with the same response times Which leads to Carnegie Mellon\u2019s solution: a distributed control system that runs on every car. This system allows the cars to talk to each other via wireless signal. If one car needs to change lane in the freeway, it send signal to other cars nearby then other cars move to make space. If a car in front has to slow down, the other cars that follow know in a matter of milliseconds and they also slow down too. To ensure the concept work safety, the CMU research team starting with two cars on a single lane, and proved with 100% certainty that the cars could not crash. They then slowly increased the complexity of the system by adding more cars, each time using formal verification to ensure 100% safety. Today, the distributed system can control any number of cars moving between any numbers of lanes. I have seen over twenty self driving cars operate at 100 kilometer an hour and change lanes fast, get off freeway quickly, or stop suddenly but everything work well and no accident yet. It all controls by software that talk to each other and that is why many automakers are interested to hire more software engineers for their future cars. One manager told me: \u201cWith sophisticated computers built in each car, we need more skilled software people and in the future we may have more software in cars than in current office.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even CMU has shown that self driving cars are safe and now it is just a matter of every car manufacturer agreeing to use the same distributed control system so all the cars can \u201ctalk\u201d to others. Few weeks ago, a local congressman starts to use CMU self-driving car to travel from the airport to his home about 40 kilometers away to prove that the car is safe enough.\u00a0The Cadillac SXR was driven along local roads and highways by a computer that uses inputs from radars, laser rangefinders, and infrared cameras. The car reached speeds of 65 mph in the freeway and slow down when travel through several congestion areas without any problem. After that CMU is flooded with many car companies come in to hire its IT graduates.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay phim vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc, xe h\u01a1i t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3579"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3581,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3579\/revisions\/3581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}