{"id":3550,"date":"2013-08-28T22:12:30","date_gmt":"2013-08-28T15:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3550"},"modified":"2013-08-28T22:12:30","modified_gmt":"2013-08-28T15:12:30","slug":"nghe-trong-khoa-hoc-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3550","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao. V\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh $98,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2012), b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh vi\u1ebft, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trao sau khi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Java, C++, Python, Ruby hay c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho t\u1edbi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBMS) v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng khi x\u00e9t t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 hai t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cao h\u01a1n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Computer science’s careers<\/p>\n

Today Computer Science is probably one of the fastest growing jobs in the world, and computer programmers, software developers are in very high demand. With a median salary of $98,000 a year (2012 data), a bachelor\u2019s degree in computer science is definitely a desired thing to have in this job market where many college graduates are having difficulty in finding work.<\/p>\n

Computer science is a diverse field with many career options including computer programmers, software developer, software engineers, computing security specialists, database administrators, software project managers, data scientists, and more. As computing technology changes, more new careers are created and the demands for these people are being created every year. However, there is a critical shortage of skilled workers to fill these positions and that is why the salary of computer science workers keeps increasing in every country. With a bachelor\u2019s degree in Computer Science, you could work in these careers:<\/p>\n

Computer programmers write, test and maintain software programs that perform a wide range of functions. A programmer\u2019s main function is to write application programs based on requirements given by the project managers after software engineers and system analysts design the computer system. Most programmers use a programming language such as Java, C++, Python, Ruby or other programming languages.<\/p>\n

Software engineer\u2019s main job function is overseen, design, and implement computer systems from requirement concepts to the maintenance of software that runs on the computer systems. Software engineers often have extensive knowledge of software and system lifecycle; understand customers\u2019 needs, architect and design computer systems, as well as the best way to develop software applications using the newest methods, tools and programming languages.<\/p>\n

Database administrators work with database management software (DBMS) and find ways to collect organize and store data. Some tasks performed by database administrators include designing new databases based on a user’s needs, integrating data from old or outdated systems into newer systems, and updating existing systems whenever necessary. Database administration is becoming an increasingly important job considering the growing amount of data being stored on today’s computer networks.<\/p>\n

When applying for jobs in this field, most companies require at least a bachelor’s degree for entry level position and two to five years of experience for more advanced positions. A computer security specialists, Data scientists may require a master’s degree or even higher. The key success in this field is not just the degree but also the skills on how to apply knowledge to solve problems and the lifelong learning attitude to continue develop more skills as computing technology changes fast. The more experience one has, the better chance he or she will have at successfully getting promoted to higher level positions.<\/p>\n

Since computer science is a fast growing field and all companies need to have more skilled workers, most graduates will be able to get a job easily even before graduation, and keep that job for a long time. This is one area of the job market that will continue to grow rapidly in the next ten years. If you want a good job, good salary and good future, this is probably the best choice for college students.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-may-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3550"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3552,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3550\/revisions\/3552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}