{"id":352,"date":"2013-06-18T22:44:36","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=352"},"modified":"2013-06-18T22:44:36","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:44:36","slug":"bat-dau-mot-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=352","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cD\u1ec5 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang em c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh doanh m\u1edbi? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y quanh b\u1ea1n m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 coi t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho n\u00f3, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t. T\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kinh doanh m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. C\u00f3 tr\u00ean tri\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi n\u0103m. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o “may m\u1eafn.” Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o hay th\u00f4i th\u00fac t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ai \u0111\u00f3. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n hay r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng mua c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Thay v\u00ec gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Sam Walton \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n h\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y quay l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y quay l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o; ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e0 kho ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam; kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o nh\u00e0 kho \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u00eam; v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng quay l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1n l\u1ebb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho Sam Walton m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda n\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970) m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. \u00d4ng Walton \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng Wal-Mart c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong nh\u00e0 kho. Khi Internet t\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Wal-Mart l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (CRM) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p (SCM). \u00d4ng Walton \u0111\u1eb7t ra qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: \u201cPh\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1ed7ng m\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n; Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mua c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang h\u1ecd t\u1edbi; v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p Wal Mart c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. Thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m kho, s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u1edf qu\u1ea7y b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh theo s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong nh\u00e0 kho. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, Wal-Mart tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 Sam Walton tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng Wal-Mart \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc. Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1eefa cho t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u201d V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ecb “\u0111u\u1ed5i” kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng cay \u0111\u1eafng hay gi\u1eadn d\u1eef nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng \u1ea5y quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1eafp ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra chu\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng th\u1ebf; \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra iPads, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi ai \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 Steve Jobs th\u1ea5y. Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y xung quanh h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi suy tho\u00e1i khi nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi suy tho\u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho n\u00f3. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Anh ta n\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eaft v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc k\u00ec. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 “Cho thu\u00ea s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa” b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n. Anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a anh ta nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cM\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 $50 nh\u01b0ng anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua s\u1ec9 n\u00f3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $40. Anh ta cho thu\u00ea $25 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc k\u00ec cho n\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra $10 m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ch. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e3ng 10,000 sinh vi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n 3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc k\u00ec hay 30,000 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Anh ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd thu\u00ea s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa hay 30,000 vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea th\u00ec anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $300,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.\u201d Sau khi anh ta kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o n\u00f3 tr\u00ean website m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra, h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng vang kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Anh ta th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t cho n\u00ean anh ta m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, anh ta b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 200 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra h\u01a1n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m tr\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. Trong gi\u1edd \u0103n tr\u01b0a, c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng trong khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i \u0103n \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh v\u00ec ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft. Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a r\u1ebb h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: thay v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n; ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m cho h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua websites, c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a k\u00ed th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00f3n \u0103n, v\u00e0 thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng. C\u00f4ng ti b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a l\u1ea5y 20% gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y 60% v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m l\u1ea5y 20% v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Ai \u0111i t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n website v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m b\u1eb1ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, v\u00e0 Hyderabad.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1m hay cho thu\u00ea s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u; ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n; ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Starting a business<\/p>\n

A student asked me: \u201cIt is easy to talk about startup but it is difficult to come up with a new idea and apply technology to support it. How do we get the new business idea? Please advice.\u201d<\/p>\n

Answer: Business idea is not as difficult as you think. Just look at all the problems that you see around you every day and consider each problem is a new business opportunity. A common person may see them as problems but entrepreneurs always see them as opportunities; and that is the difference between the two. By understand the problem you also think about a solution. You can ask yourself how to solve it and how to use technology to enable it, and then you have a good business idea. From this idea you can develop a business model and validate it with customers. If it is favorable, you can start a new business.<\/p>\n

Starting a business is not difficult because people start business all the time. There are over a million businesses starting every year. In the past, startup\u2019s success is often depending on \u201cluck\u201d. Today starting a company is a scientific method with defined process to ensure that it has the best chances to succeed. That is why entrepreneurship and startup are taught in universities as a field of study. As a scientific process, you should start with a vision and a business model to identify your strengths and weaknesses then go through a market analysis to validate your model. As entrepreneur, you follow the defined guidelines and business rules to start a company. You do not follow any fashionable trend or an emotional urge to imitate someone. The best business ideas does not have to be something completely new, it often involve improving something that is already exist in the market by doing better, faster or cheaper.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s imagine that you go to a store to buy something but are not happy with the way the store operates. Instead of being angry, you think about what you can do better. This is what Sam Walton did when he went to a retail store to buy something that the store has advertised. The store already sold out the product so they told him to go back in the next few days when new products may arrive. He went back but the store still did not have the merchandise. He came back several times but each time the store did not have it. He found out that the marketing people who is in charge of advertising; the store managers who is responsible for selling; the warehouse manager who is responsible for ordering, and the supplier who builds the products did not communicate with each other. All of these functions were completely independent and managed at the top level of the company. The executives were too busy with something else and not paid attention to the company operation. The products were advertised and sold out but nobody told supplier to produce more; no one told the warehouse to order more; and the store clerks kept telling customers to come back.<\/p>\n

The disconnection among key functions of this largest retail company gave Sam Walton an idea on how to fix it. He thought about how to connect and integrate all of these functions together. However at that time (1970s) computer was not used in retail industry. Mr. Walton developed a business model on how to automate everything for a retail store. He was the first person to apply information technology to automate retail business. His store Wal-Mart used computer to track and monitor all products sold and kept inventory of everything in the warehouse. When the Internet came in 1990s the company was ready and everything was fully connected. Wal-Mart was the first retail companies that have an Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) fully integrated with Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) and Supply Chain Management system (SCM). Mr. Walton sets specific rules: \u201cMake sure that store shelves never empty but always full of products to sell; Customer never leaves the store without buying something that they come for; and always having the lowest price possible.\u201d The integration of all IT systems allowed Wal Mart to be more productive than his competitors. Instead of inventory, product sales were immediately checked at the cashier by computer against the number of products in the warehouse. If the product fell below a set level, computer immediately contacted supply companies and ordered them to ship automatically. Everything in the store was fully automated to the lowest level of detail. Within ten years, Wal-Mart becomes the largest retail stores in the U.S. and Sam Walton become one of the richest people in the world. Today Wal-Mart stores are expanding all over the world as the largest and most successful business in history.<\/p>\n

Many people dream of starting a business but never do anything. Most are afraid of failure but an entrepreneur must be willing to take risk and using failure as a lesson to be learned. Steve Jobs said: \u201cYou cannot go home and feel bitter about yourself, if you fail, try and try again until you succeed.\u201d At that time, he was \u201cFired\u201d from the company that he started, he was not bitter or angry but using that as a lesson to prepare himself for the next opportunity. That is why he came back and rescued his bankrupted company and made it the most successful company in the world. It is also important to note that Steve Jobs did not invent the personal computer, he made it popular; he did not invent the computer mouse, he made it an useful devices; he did not invent the iPod, he make it so easy to use; he did not invent the iPads, he created a need for it. All of these things have been invented by somebody before but they did NOT see the opportunities that Steve Jobs saw. An entrepreneur is someone who has vision, understands a good opportunity and seizes it.<\/p>\n

In my entrepreneurship class, I often ask student to look at problems that they see around them to generate business ideas. When they begin to identify something and discuss that in class, many start to understanding the needs and opportunities then most tell me that they feel more confident about starting the business. Of course, some are hesitating about starting a business during a recession when many businesses are closing. I told them that recession time is the best time to start a company because there are fewer competitors.<\/p>\n

Starting a new business often does not require a lot of money. The most important thing is to find a special need then find solution for it. Few years ago, a student in my entrepreneurship class came to me with a simple idea. He said most textbooks were expensive and students only used them for one semester. His business idea was to start a company to \u201cRent textbooks\u201d at half price. He explained his business model as follow: \u201cA textbook is priced at $50 but he can buy it wholesale at $40. He rent for $25 per semester so within one year he can make $10 per book. In a university of 10,000 students, the average student needs 3 textbooks per semester or 30,000 textbooks per school. He assumed that if only half of them rent textbooks or 30,000 rentals then he could make $300,000 per year.\u201d After he started his one person company by advertised it on a website that he created himself, the response was overwhelming. He succeeds as more students were renting in the first year so he expanded into several universities. Last year, he told me that he already had 200 universities and made over several hundred million dollars.<\/p>\n

Few years ago when I visited India, I saw a special lunch catering service deliver on bicycles in many major cities. During lunch time, thousands of people riding bicycle deliver foods to workers in offices all over the city. My friend told me that there were over half million office workers in the central area of the city. They need to have lunch but could not afford to eat at nearby restaurants because they are very expensive. The need was how to provide cheaper lunch for these office workers. The solution was simple: instead they have to go for foods; someone can deliver foods to them. Workers ordered their lunch via a websites, the lunch company subcontracted to hundred small restaurants that prepare the meal, and hired thousands of people to deliver the foods. The result was office workers had lunch at reasonable price. The lunch company took 20% of the sale price, the subcontracted restaurant got 60% and the delivery person got 20% and everybody was happy. This is another excellent business model for startups. Who come up with the idea? It was three computer science students who developed the website and recruited many small restaurants to work with them. They also hired many people to deliver the food on bicycles. This simple business also provides jobs to thousand of poor persons in Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, and Hyderabad.<\/p>\n

Startup idea can be very simple, just like deliver lunch or renting textbooks. As long as it fulfills a need; as long as it has customers who are willing to pay; as long as it is profitable, then you can start a business.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cD\u1ec5 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=352"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":354,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions\/354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}