{"id":3507,"date":"2013-08-21T07:08:01","date_gmt":"2013-08-21T00:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3507"},"modified":"2013-08-21T07:08:01","modified_gmt":"2013-08-21T00:08:01","slug":"dung-phuong-phap-agile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3507","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) cho c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f3 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ebf th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, Agile l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u quan li\u00eau th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile l\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i l\u00fac. Do b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a, n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n khi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o pha ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 Agile ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00edt s\u1ef1 quan li\u00eau. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agilel\u00e0 t\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng Agile \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, hay c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao trong “Sprint” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Agile l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u1ed3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 cho v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng Agile t\u1ed1t; ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh Agile; v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English verrsion—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Using Agile method<\/p>\n

A manager wrote to me: \u201cI work in an Information Technology (IT) organization for a government agency, we have tried to use Agile development method but most projects failed and we do not know why. Please advice.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: It is difficult to give advice without any specific details about why so many projects failed. In my opinion, Agile is a good method for small projects in a well organized organization. If your organization is not well organized and full of bureaucracy then it may not work. If your project is large, as many government projects often are, then it may not work either. The key factor in Agile method is the breakdown of requirements into smaller tasks and incrementally builds the products and delivers to customers one task at a time. Due to its small incremental step, it is easier to track and modify the product when changes happen and customer\u2019s feedbacks are easily incorporated in the next release. But Agile teams can only do that with the least amount of bureaucracy. For some government managers this is difficult as they are afraid that they may lose control so they often interfere and create problems rather than help.<\/p>\n

The most important factor of Agile method is the Self-organizing team whose members develop software based on priorities and accepts changes as they happen. If the team is NOT well trained in Agile method, it will not work. If team members do not have a clear understand Agile process and skills to deliver quality products, it will not work. If team members are not experienced enough, or have the discipline to follow a daily routine of activities, it will not work effectively. Without training and experience, team members may not be able to work well together, to track progress, to set priorities, and to get the products delivered within their \u201cSprint\u201d (few weeks).<\/p>\n

The best way to use Agile is having good trainings for both managers and developers, then apply it in few smaller projects so the team can get more experiences before apply the method on all projects. It takes time to develop good Agile skills; it takes time for managers to really understand the Agile process; and it takes time to build a disciplined self-organizing team.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) cho c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ch\u00fang … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3507"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3509,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507\/revisions\/3509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}