{"id":3488,"date":"2013-08-08T23:46:36","date_gmt":"2013-08-08T16:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3488"},"modified":"2013-08-08T23:46:36","modified_gmt":"2013-08-08T16:46:36","slug":"tao-ra-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3488","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u1edbi trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u1ede M\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m chung l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00f9n l\u1ea1i khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi “sinh vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh\u201d. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 v\u00ec h\u1ecd lo r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd xu\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec \u1edf trong t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Khi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0a sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0o trong t\u1ed5, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 xem hay \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u00fat \u00edt gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec r\u1ed3i sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?” T\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean: \u201c\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i, ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n nhau trong l\u1edbp. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 nhanh. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ra t\u1ed5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “quan h\u1ec7” sang “vai tr\u00f2 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5” v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ec5. L\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n. Ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n chung trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 “\u00d4ng ch\u1ee7” v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ki\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 “sinh vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh” v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng. Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u201ctrung b\u00ecnh\u201d l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Khi sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo sau v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean tranh c\u00e3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u1ed5 sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. T\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng website, t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web, v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft gi\u1ecfi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec,” ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quay v\u00f2ng n\u01a1i t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eafm vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y. Theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho sinh vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ki\u1ec3u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, t\u00f4i coi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Creating teams<\/p>\n

Information Technology (IT) works require workers to work in teams. Teamwork is one of the important soft skills that students must have and is often asked during job interviews. In the U.S. teamwork is common and often part of the university\u2019s trainings but in Asia, it is not encouraged and even consider as cheating.<\/p>\n

When I teach in Asia, I often ask students to form teams and always meet some resistances from students. The common notion is that top students are held back when they are put in teams with \u201caverage students\u201d. Most top students do not like teamwork as they worry that a team with weaker members will lower their grades. Many tell me that they can do everything on their own instead of in a team. A professor explains: \u201cTeamwork does not work here. When you put good students into teams, they often do all the works by themselves. Other members just watch or provide little help so they do not learn anything then good students complains that they have to do all the works.\u201d I explain my opinion: \u201cIf they do not learn teamwork now, when will they? Is it possible that good students can go to work and do everything by themselves? I also told students: \u201cIn school you are working on small assignments, it is possible for few persons to do most of the works. In the industry, project is much larger and it is impossible for few people to do it all. If you do not learn how to work in team now, you will have to learn it later and often with consequences. If you do not get along with others, you will be eliminated from the team. That means you may not be able to keep the job.\u201d<\/p>\n

Based on my own experience, the most difficult part of teamwork is how to form the team. Some teachers create teams by randomly select students who sit nearby in class. The advantage of this approach is that it is easy and quick. The disadvantage is with random members there is no guarantee that the team will have the needed skills to complete the assignment. Some teachers allow students to form their own teams by select members from their friends. This is the approach that students like the most as they want to work with someone they know. The disadvantage is to be an effective team, students must transition from \u201crelationships\u201d to \u201ctask-oriented roles\u201d and that is NOT easy. As friends they can play well with others but they may not work well together and teamwork often breaks friendships. The common complains among students is friends now act like \u201cBosses\u201d and order others what to do. Furthermore, this type of team does not help students to learn how to work with people they do not know. Some teachers assign students into teams based on their grades. This approach puts top students in teams and \u201caverage students\u201d into other teams so the class has several teams with wider range of abilities. When \u201caverage\u201d students work together, they learn the least but lose the most. When top students work together, they have many leaders but few followers as everyone wants to do thing their way so arguments are common among top student teams.<\/p>\n

There is another approach that I often use but it takes time. I ask students to fill out a form detail all classes that they have taken and their skills, experiences and other knowledge. For example, if the task is to build a website, the team needs few members who have taken the web development class, few members who have knowledge of graphic design and someone who can write well. In addition to technical skills, the teams need someone who can help the team to function effectively, a team leader who can keep track of all activities and encourage others to contribute. To avoid the issue of \u201cLeader talks but not do anything\u201d symptom, team leader is a rotating role where each member takes turn to assume this role. In this approach, I create teams based on knowledge and skills with clearly defined roles, responsibilities for each member. Students have a chance to learn more about teamwork process in addition to the technical tasks and they often accomplish more than they could as individuals.<\/p>\n

I explain to students that teamwork is NOT just a technical exercise but also a chance to learn how to work with others, especially with people that they do not know or people that they may not like. However, as a team they must learn to work together, they must learn how to get along and how to divide works equally based on their roles and responsibilities. They also have to learn self-managed, communication, sharing and collaboration to meet the goals and objectives of the task. This type of teamwork is a reflection of what really happens in the industry. As a professor, I consider teamwork as a learning experience that requires preparations and success or failure depends on how teams are organized.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3488"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3490,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3488\/revisions\/3490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}