{"id":3476,"date":"2013-08-04T18:10:04","date_gmt":"2013-08-04T11:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3476"},"modified":"2013-08-04T18:10:04","modified_gmt":"2013-08-04T11:10:04","slug":"khi-nha-kinh-te-pham-sai-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3476","title":{"rendered":"Khi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c g\u0103ng; c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng; c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n; c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u thay v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia, v\u00e0 Bangladesh v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 “l\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd” trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao m\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robotics, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robots l\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2012 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “kho\u00e1n trong” b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ed3 \u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v.v. Nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n hay t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n sao. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1n trong v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111em c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111em c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay M\u0129 t\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.\u201d M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u; c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1eb1m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc qua h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong kinh doanh, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 robots v\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n trong ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00e8 v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay in tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cH\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.\u201d Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y lan r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi n\u1eefa. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kinh doanh m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 robotics, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Wall Street Journal: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m trong d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, di d\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, Internet b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, robotics, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano, v.v. \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kinh doanh m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When economists make mistake<\/p>\n

Today global unemployment has reached a critical level; there is a big gap between supply and demand of skilled workers; developed countries are facing an aging population which led to slower economic growth; developing countries are feeling the impact of decreasing exports, slow growth, high unemployment, and large numbers of bankrupted company. Many people begin to ask why these things happen and why it happens so fast. Of course, there are reasons and explanations but there is one that very few people even mention.<\/p>\n

For many years, economists have postulated that with globalization, developed countries will focus more on knowledge works and move labor works to developing countries; business markets will be expanding to global instead of local. Based on this economic concept, developing countries were preparing for this opportunity by building factories and industrial centers in anticipating of outsourced labor works to come to their countries. For twenty years, the manufacturing outsourcing activities were happening in China, Malaysia, and Bangladesh etc. However there was an \u201cunexpected error\u201d in this economic theory: Advancing in technology has created new high efficiency factories with fewer labor workers. By using new technologies such as automation and robotics, factories can operate with huge efficiency and high quality with much fewer labor workers and higher profits. Suddenly the massive manufacturing outsourcing that has happened in past twenty years reverses its direction. Today it is much cheaper to manufacture products using advanced automation and robots than to move works to lower cost countries. Began in 2012 many global companies began to close factories oversea and move manufacturing back home.<\/p>\n

This unexpected \u201cInsourcing\u201d trend has pushed many developing countries into an economic crisis and serious adjustment problems. The anticipated high employment has turned into a severed unemployment. The massive building of industrial parks has turned into many areas with empty buildings. The investments to build new factories and equipments have turned into high depths and bad loans for many banks etc. But as regional markets have turned into global, large global companies are expanding into regional markets and compete with local companies. Since local companies do not have the capitals or assets to defend themselves, many close doors resulting in high bankruptcy rate. As global companies are replacing local companies in regional markets, they need workers but their works require different skills that local workers do not have, so unemployment continues to rise. For years, China have benefited from manufacturing outsourcing but now it is facing severe impact of insourcing with closed factories and unemployed workers.<\/p>\n

A government officer complained: \u201cThey bring their factories works back home then open stores and offices to sell products here. We have many unemployed labor workers who need jobs but they do not have the education and skills to work in these offices. Most of the high paying jobs require certain skills that are not even taught at our universities. Most global companies are bringing their own workers from Europe or the U.S. to do the works that should go to our people. This is unfair.\u201d A company executive explained: \u201cWe are doing business globally; our workers must speak English as they must deal with customers, suppliers that are located in multiple countries. The entire global business is a connection of multiple places and countries via sophisticated information systems. We are hiring workers with at least a college education in business, finance, and accounting and information technology. We do NOT need labor workers as we already have robots and automation assembly lines, the needs are no longer in manufacturing products but in marketing, selling our products. That is why we need different types of workers.\u201d<\/p>\n

The need is obvious. When I was in China last summer I saw advertising in newspapers, magazines or posted on walls: \u201cLearn English and study Information Technology (IT) then get good jobs.\u201d This slogan is spreading to other places like Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Africa too. As the world is changing with new technologies, new company structures, new shifts in economic development, new markets, and new way of doing business, it is important to be flexible and ready for new opportunities. With advanced automation and robotics, works that involve low cost labor are becoming obsolete and thing of the past. Some economists have admitted that they have not foreseen the impact of technology in their predictions. Many agreed that they have underestimate technology as they do not think that it could happen that fast. One well known economist told the Wall Street Journal: \u201cAlthough we understand that in the Information age, speed is the rule but we never think that it can happen that fast. We made a mistake in our prediction.\u201d<\/p>\n

For year, economists have made predictions on supply and demand based on the theories of macroeconomics and microeconomics but most never study technology. Their predictions on globalization were focusing mostly on outsourcing, offshoring and supply chaining based on labor costs which are the foundation of the industrial age thinking. What they do not understand is the fast changing of information technology such as computers processing; broadband Internet; wireless and mobile technology; robotics; automation; workflow technology; biotechnology; nanotechnology, \u00a0etc. that enable a new thinking, new way of doing business, and new force that never happened before in history.<\/p>\n

Today economic theory on supply and demand must include a solution such as education and trainings where students adopt a life-long learning process. Starting with formal training in schools, continue through on the job training; and continuous education at different points of workers\u2019 lives. Basically, continuous learning is the only constant in this fast changing world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c g\u0103ng; c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng; … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3476"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3478,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3476\/revisions\/3478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}